Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FUNBIO > Lecture 17 > Flashcards

Lecture 17 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a gene?

A
  • The basic physical and functional unit of heredity
  • Are instructions to make proteins
  • Made of DNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gene expression definition?

A

The process by which inheritable info in a gene (DNA sequence), is made into a functional gene product (protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Conformation of RNA?

A

Single stranded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sugar in RNA?

A

Ribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bases in RNA?

A

Adenine, uracil, guanine and cytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are 3 subtypes of RNA?

A

mRNA, tRNA and rRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mRNA?

A
  • Produced by transcription of protein-coding genes
  • Translated (coding)
  • Contains instructions for protein synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

tRNA?

A
  • Not translated (non-coding)
  • Produced by transcription of tRNA genes
  • Covalent binding of amino-acids and their transport to the ribosome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

rRNA?

A
  • Not translated (non-coding)
  • Produced by transcription of rRNA genes
  • Structural and enzymatic role (ribosome)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which direction does RNA grow in?

A
  • 5prime to 3prime

- The direction of the coding strand (sense strand)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Does all DNA code for proteins?

A

No only genes do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Transcription factors (TFs)?

A

Specialised proteins that help determine which DNA sequences should be transcribed and at what time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

RNA synthesis initiation?

A

RNA polymerase unwinds DNA double helix and initiates RNA synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

RNA synthesis elongation?

A

Additional nucleotides are added to the 3’ end of RNA molecule. DNA double helix re-forms following transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

RNA synthesis termination?

A

At the end of each gene there is a termination site which tells the RNA polymerase to stop.The copied single stranded sequence is called Precursor heterogenous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) or pre-messenger RNA. RNA transcript and RNA polymerase are released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which direction does RNA polymerase move along the template DNA strand?

A
  • 3prime to 5prime

- Antisense

17
Q

Eukaryotic RNA processing?

A
  • 5’ Capping
  • 3’ maturation:
    cleavage &
    polyadenylation-
  • Splicing
  • Editing
  • Transport of RNA to
    Cytoplasm
  • Stabilisation/ Destabilisation of mRNA
18
Q

What is 5prime capping?

A

Adding 7MeGuanosine (modified guanine) to the first RNA nucleotide in the 5prime to 5prime direction

19
Q

What are the functions of a cap?

A
  • Essential for the ribosome to bind to the 5’ end of the mRNA
  • Protection from some ribonucleases
  • Enhanced translation
  • Enhanced transport from nucleus
  • Enhances splicing of first intron for some mRNAs
20
Q

What does polyadenylation do?

A
  • The poly-A tail makes the RNA molecule more stable and prevents its degradation
  • Additionally, the poly-A tail allows the mature messenger RNA molecule to be exported from the nucleus and translated into a protein by ribosomes in the cytoplasm

FUNBIO (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions