Lecture 17 & 18 Flashcards
What are leaders?
Are essential during early stages of growth or transformation, create or stabilise new organisations by setting a vision
What are managers?
Assign and supervise tasks within a pre-existing hierarchy
What is management as a function?
Fund managers, marketing managers, estate managers (occupation description)
What is management as an activity?
Time management, financial management (set of practices)
What is management as an interest/ social group?
Senior management, middle management (reflection of social status and position)
What is the perspective on management from X theories?
Workers are lazy, require monetary incentives, managers need to plan, organise, direct, command, coordinate and control
What is the perspective on management from Y theories?
Workers are potentially self motivated, require fulfilment, self-realisation, managers enable learning and development
What is theory Z?
Japanese theory including management techniques of lifetime contracts, bottom-up and top-down decision making, employees contribute to innovation
What are key properties of a leader?
Vision, ambition, strategic insight, rhetorical skills, ability to motivate others
What are different approaches to leadership?
- behavioural
- Situational / contingency
- transactional & Transformation
- Critical perspectives
- What are the leadership styles of the behavioural continuum?
- Exploitative Autocratic
- Benevolent Autocratic
- Participant
- Democratic
What are the features of exploitative autocratice?
Task-focused with minimal concern for employees; leads to exploitation
What are the features of Benevolent autocratic leadership?
Autocratic but kinder approach; still task-focused with some concern for employees
What are the features of participative leadership?
Employees involved in decision-making, with strong concern for their welfare
What are the features of democratic leadership?
Emphasised respect for contributions from all members, involving them in decisions while focusing on tasks
- What is situational / contingency theory?
No single best way to lead, it is situation dependant including factors like environment, task complexity, team dynamics and organisational structure
Hersey & Blanchard - what are the three aspects of their theory?
- Task behaviour
- Relationship behaviour
- Follower maturity
Hersey & Blanchard -What is task behaviour?
Extent of which leaders provide clear directions and guidance about tasks
Hersey & Blanchard - What is relationship behaviour?
How much leaders offer support, encouragement and communication to build trust, maintain good relationships with followers
Hersey & Blanchard - What is follower maturity?
The followers’ readiness, including their abilities and willingness to complete the task
Tannenbaum
& Schmidt - What is their model?
view leadership as a continuum, from boss-centred to subordinate-centred styles, emphasising leaders should adapt approach based on autonomy they grant employees
Tannenbaum
& Schmidt - What is boss-centred leadership?
Leader maintains full control, making independent decisions, providing clear instructions, ideal for situations needing tight control or quick action
Tannenbaum
& Schmidt - What is subordinate-centred leadership?
Leader delegates authority, encourages participation, promotes autonomy, effective when employees motivated and capable
Fiedler - What are his theories key factors?
- Leader’s Power Position
- Situational Favourableness
Fiedler - What is Leader’s Power Position?
Refers to the authority and influence a leader has within an organisation
Fiedler - What is situational favourableness?
Refers to follower maturity, defined by their ability and willingness to perform tasks
What is transactional leadership?
Implicit and explicit calculations in order to get results
What is transformational leadership?
Based on linking followers’ motivation directly to the pursued outcomes
What are critical approaches to leadership and management?
Difference between theories and reality, inequality can overly influence employees, fear can silence worker resistance
What are forms of organisational misbehaviour?
Rudeness, Bullying, Idleness, organised resistance, absenteeism, cynicism
What is Grint’s Proposal?
Leaders and environments are malleable, leaders shape our interpretations of the environment, goals, challenges, competition, etc
What are Machiavellian Leaders?
Characterised by interpersonal manipulation and associated with specific patterns of emotional and social cognition skills.
