Lecture

Question 1

what is unstable angina

Answer 1

new onset chest pain that occurs at rest or worsening in patter

Question 2

state the conduction pahtway of the heart

Answer 2

SA node
Atria
AV node
Bundle of His
Bundle branches
ventricles

Question 3

what does mitral stenosis result in

Answer 3

enlargement of LA and increase of its pressure

Question 4

what causes myocrdial infacrtion

Answer 4

sustained ischemia causing irreversible myocardial cell death

Question 5

what is aortic regurgitation

Answer 5

blood that flows back into LV during diastole - due to incompetent aortic valvewa

Question 6

what is a cause of mitral stenosis

Answer 6

rheumatic fever

Question 7

what is mitral stenosis

Answer 7

a calcified mitral valve that does not open proeperly - restricts forward flow of blood

Question 8

what are the extra heart sound

Answer 8

S3: immediately after S2 (ventricles resistant to filling during protiadstole)
S4: just before S1 (ventricles resistant to filling during presystole

Question 9

what is the leading cause of death in women older than 55

Answer 9

heart disease

Question 10

why do older adults have an increased systolic BP

Answer 10

due to arteriosclerosis

Question 11

what does aortic regurgitation result in

Answer 11

dilation and hypertrophy of LV (increased SV)

Question 12

why do women have worse heart disease

Answer 12

due to decrease in ovary production of estrogne leading to higher LDL, BP and body fat

Question 13

what is HTN

Answer 13

hypertension

Question 14

calcification of aortic valve tha restrics forward flow of blood during systole

Answer 14

aortic stenosis

Question 15

what is mitral regurgitation

Answer 15

blood flows back into LA due to incompetent mitral valve

Question 16

what is a normal BMI

Answer 16

18.5-24.9

Question 17

what is the second leading cause of death in canadians over 65 years old

Answer 17

cardiovascular disease

Question 18

what are the normal heart sounds

Answer 18

S1: closure of AV valves
S2: closure of semilunar valves

Question 19

describe the hemodynamic changes of older adults

Answer 19

Increased systolic
Decreased diastolic

Question 20

blood that flows back into LV during diastole - due to incompetent aortic valvewa

Answer 20

aortic regurgitation

Question 21

what are some causes of mitral regugitaion

Answer 21

congenital and degenerative abnormalities

Question 22

what is chronic stable angina

Answer 22

chest pain that occurs intermittently over a long period of time

Question 23

what are teh 4 murmurs caused by valvular defects

Answer 23

midsystolic ejection murmurs
pansystolic regurgitant murmurs
diastolic rumbles of AV valves
Early diastolic murmurs

Question 24

where is S1 louder than S2

Answer 24

at the apex

Question 25

name some causes of aortic stenosis

Answer 25

age, congenital, endocarditis, rheumatic fever

Question 26

what are some symptoms of unstable angina

Answer 26

fatigue SOB indigestion anxiety

Question 27

what is arteriosclerosis

Answer 27

plaque and thickening of the artery walls

Question 28

what is hypertrophy

Answer 28

increase in muscle size

Question 29

what does aortic stenosis result in

Answer 29

hypertrophy of LV

Question 30

what are heart murmurs

Answer 30

condition that causes turbulence in blood flow

Question 31

what are some causes in ta thrill in R 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces

Answer 31

severe aortic senosis systemic HTN

Question 32

blood flows back into LA due to incompetent mitral valve

Answer 32

mitral regurgitation

Question 33

what is aortic stenosis

Answer 33

calcification of aortic valve tha restrics forward flow of blood during systole

Question 34

what waist circumferences can be used to predict health issues

Answer 34

women over 88 men over 102 cms

Question 35

what are rare symptoms of chronic stable angina

Answer 35

sharp stabbing pain changing with position or breathing pain at rest THESE TYPICALLY DO NOT HAPPEN

Question 36

what are some symptoms of chronic stable angina

Answer 36

constrictive senstaions heavy, chocking or suffocating sensations

Question 37

what are two causes of aortic regurgitation

Answer 37

congeital and degenerative valve abnormalities

Question 38

what is ischmeia

Answer 38

restriction in blood suppy

Question 39

what does mitral regurgitation result in

Answer 39

dilation and hypertrophy of LV due to blood passing into LV again with new flow

Question 40

what are some causes of a thrill in L 2nd aned 3red intercostal spaces

Answer 40

pulmonic stenosis and pumonic HTN

Question 41

what are the midsystolic ejection murmurs

Answer 41

pulmonary and aortic stenosis

Question 42

what are the pansystolic regurgitant murmurs

Answer 42

mitral and tricuspid regurgitation

Question 43

what are the diastolic rumbles of AV valves

Answer 43

mitral and tricuspid stenosis

Question 44

what are the early diastolic murmurs

Answer 44

aortic and pulmonary regurgitation

Question 45

what murmurs are mitral and tricuspid regurgitation

Answer 45

pansystolic regurgitant murmurs

Question 46

what murmurs are pulmonary and aortic stenosis

Answer 46

midsystolic ejection murmurs

Question 47

what are aortic and pulmonary regurgitant murmurs

Answer 47

early diastolic murmurs

Question 48

what murmurs are mitral and tricuspid stenosis

Answer 48

diastolic rumbles of AV valves