Lecture Flashcards
what is unstable angina
new onset chest pain that occurs at rest or worsening in patter
state the conduction pahtway of the heart
SA node
Atria
AV node
Bundle of His
Bundle branches
ventricles
what does mitral stenosis result in
enlargement of LA and increase of its pressure
what causes myocrdial infacrtion
sustained ischemia causing irreversible myocardial cell death
what is aortic regurgitation
blood that flows back into LV during diastole - due to incompetent aortic valvewa
what is a cause of mitral stenosis
rheumatic fever
what is mitral stenosis
a calcified mitral valve that does not open proeperly - restricts forward flow of blood
what are the extra heart sound
S3: immediately after S2 (ventricles resistant to filling during protiadstole)
S4: just before S1 (ventricles resistant to filling during presystole
what is the leading cause of death in women older than 55
heart disease
why do older adults have an increased systolic BP
due to arteriosclerosis
what does aortic regurgitation result in
dilation and hypertrophy of LV (increased SV)
why do women have worse heart disease
due to decrease in ovary production of estrogne leading to higher LDL, BP and body fat
what is HTN
hypertension
calcification of aortic valve tha restrics forward flow of blood during systole
aortic stenosis
what is mitral regurgitation
blood flows back into LA due to incompetent mitral valve
what is a normal BMI
18.5-24.9
what is the second leading cause of death in canadians over 65 years old
cardiovascular disease
what are the normal heart sounds
S1: closure of AV valves
S2: closure of semilunar valves
describe the hemodynamic changes of older adults
Increased systolic
Decreased diastolic
blood that flows back into LV during diastole - due to incompetent aortic valvewa
aortic regurgitation
what are some causes of mitral regugitaion
congenital and degenerative abnormalities
what is chronic stable angina
chest pain that occurs intermittently over a long period of time
what are teh 4 murmurs caused by valvular defects
midsystolic ejection murmurs
pansystolic regurgitant murmurs
diastolic rumbles of AV valves
Early diastolic murmurs
where is S1 louder than S2
at the apex
name some causes of aortic stenosis
age, congenital, endocarditis, rheumatic fever
what are some symptoms of unstable angina
fatigue
SOB
indigestion
anxiety
what is arteriosclerosis
plaque and thickening of the artery walls
what is hypertrophy
increase in muscle size
what does aortic stenosis result in
hypertrophy of LV
what are heart murmurs
condition that causes turbulence in blood flow
what are some causes in ta thrill in R 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces
severe aortic senosis
systemic HTN
blood flows back into LA due to incompetent mitral valve
mitral regurgitation
what is aortic stenosis
calcification of aortic valve tha restrics forward flow of blood during systole
what waist circumferences can be used to predict health issues
women over 88
men over 102 cms
what are rare symptoms of chronic stable angina
sharp stabbing pain
changing with position or breathing
pain at rest
THESE TYPICALLY DO NOT HAPPEN
what are some symptoms of chronic stable angina
constrictive senstaions
heavy, chocking or suffocating sensations
what are two causes of aortic regurgitation
congeital and degenerative valve abnormalities
what is ischmeia
restriction in blood suppy
what does mitral regurgitation result in
dilation and hypertrophy of LV due to blood passing into LV again with new flow
what are some causes of a thrill in L 2nd aned 3red intercostal spaces
pulmonic stenosis and pumonic HTN
what are the midsystolic ejection murmurs
pulmonary and aortic stenosis
what are the pansystolic regurgitant murmurs
mitral and tricuspid regurgitation
what are the diastolic rumbles of AV valves
mitral and tricuspid stenosis
what are the early diastolic murmurs
aortic and pulmonary regurgitation
what murmurs are mitral and tricuspid regurgitation
pansystolic regurgitant murmurs
what murmurs are pulmonary and aortic stenosis
midsystolic ejection murmurs
what are aortic and pulmonary regurgitant murmurs
early diastolic murmurs
what murmurs are mitral and tricuspid stenosis
diastolic rumbles of AV valves
