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Histology Exam 3 > Lecture 16 Urinary > Flashcards

Lecture 16 Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Label

A
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2
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A
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3
Q

What are the fxn of Nephrons

A

Filtration – water and solutes leave blood and enter nephron
Secretion – cells secrete substances into lumen
Reabsorption – substances move from lumen across epithelium

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4
Q

What is this

A

Glomerulus
Parietal layer simple squamous epithelium(BLUE)

Capsular (Urinary) space(Inner Space)

Visceral layer cell layer that covers the glomerulus (podocytes)

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5
Q

Cell Types associated with Glomerulus

A

Podocytes: specialized epithelial cells -part of the filtration barrier

Mesangial cells:
-secrete mesangium = collagen & ground substance (support) -regulate glomerular distension (contractile)
-phagocytosis (keep glomerular filter free of debris)

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6
Q

Glomerular Filtration Barrier
3 components

A
  1. Endothelial fenestrations
  2. Thick basal lamina made by endothelial cells and podocytes
  3. Filtration slits between pedicels of podocytes
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7
Q

What is going to dictate what goes thru the glomerular filtration barrier?

A

Passage through GFB is restricted by size of openings and charge of GAGs – block blood cells, proteins, and organic anions

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8
Q

What are 1-3

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9
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A
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10
Q

Protein in urine = proteinuria
What dz does this

A

some diseases (e.g. diabetes mellitus) alter the glomerular filter to be more permeable to proteins.

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11
Q

Summary of Renal Corpuscle

A
  1. Blood enters glomerulus via afferent arterioles at vascular pole of renal corpuscle
  2. A portion of blood plasma is forced through the glomerular filtration barrier and enters the capsular space
  3. Ultrafiltrate will enter the renal tubule at the tubular pole
  4. Remaining blood will leave the glomerulus via efferent arterioles at the vascular pole
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12
Q

Proximal Tubule main fxn

A

reabsorption (>50% of ultrafiltrate) * water and solutes are transferred across tubular walls and taken up by the peritubular capillaries

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13
Q

What cell type is this?

A

Proximal Tubule

Simple cuboidal epithelium
* no clear cell borders (because of basolateral folds)
* long microvilli (brush border– only tubule to have brush border)
* irregular lumen (because of brush border)
* mitochondria to power transport

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14
Q

What Cell Type is this?

A

Thin limbs of Loop of Henle

Main function: concentration of urine via
Countercurrent multiplier system -associated with vasa recta

Descending limb – water passively exits

Ascending limb – NaCl passively reabsorbed

Only tubule in kidney lined by simple squamous epithelium

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15
Q

What is this?

A

1 and 2 Distal Tubal
3 Proximal Tubal
4. Distal Tubal

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16
Q

What cells types are theses?

A
  1. Juxtaglomerular cells: modified smooth muscle cells that store/secrete renin

2.Macula densa cells: closely-packed columnar cells that are sensitive to sodium levels in ultrafiltrate; signal renin secretion

17
Q

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus what is it?

A

Specialized region of the distal tubule near the afferent arteriole that acts as a “sensor” for low sodium levels in the ultrafiltrate to help regulate blood pressure

Modified cells of the distal tubule (macula densa cells) and afferent arteriole (juxtaglomerular cells)

18
Q

What happens when Na+ levels decrease in DCT?

A
  1. Macula densa cells stimulate juxtaglomerular cells
  2. Juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin
    -increases blood pressure (vasoconstriction)
    -increases blood volume (promotes Na+ and water
    reabsorption)

Secretory Vesicles with renin

19
Q

What cell type is this and its FNX?

A

Collecting Ducts

Collect and transport filtrate
Several nephrons drain to each collecting duct Some water reabsorption can occur
Urine leaves collecting duct at renal papilla

20
Q

What are these and fxn

A

Renal Papillae

Urine exits the collecting duct system at the renal papilla

21
Q

Urinary Excretory Passages flow

A

Do not modify urine, only transport/store

22
Q

4 Layers

A
  1. Mucosa -transitional epithelium
    (except distal urethra)
  2. lamina propria (fibroelastic CT) thin submucosa
  3. Muscularis -inner longitudinal -outer circular -peristalsis
  4. Adventitia
23
Q

What type of epithelium is Uroepithelium

A

Transitional Epithelium

24
Q
A
  1. Smooth Muscle
  2. Transitional Epithelium
25
Q

Where in the body is this?

A

Ureter

Transitional epithelium Thick muscularis (peristalsis) Thin adventitia

26
Q

Where is this in the body?

A

Bladder.

Transitional epithelium
Thick, multidirectional muscularis (detrusor m.) Adventitia

27
Q

What is this and where

A

Prostatic urethra: Transitional epithelium

Prostate

28
Q

What is this and where

A

Membranous and spongy urethra: Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

29
Q

What is this and where

A

Distal spongy urethra: Stratified squamous epithelium (nonkeratinized)

30
Q

What is there and where

A

Transitional epithelium

Histology Exam 3 (5 decks)

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