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Fuel Metabolism - 2016 > Lecture 16 - Fatty Acid Synthesis and Storage > Flashcards

Lecture 16 - Fatty Acid Synthesis and Storage Flashcards

1
Q

Fatty acid synthesis is favored by what two molecule types (in excess)?

A
  1. Excess glucose

2. Excess amino acids

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2
Q

_____ activates FA synthesis by activating protein phosphatase. This dephosphorylates Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which activates to convert acetyl-CoA –> malonyl CoA.

A

Insulin

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3
Q

Insulin also stimulates synthesis and storage of _________ by promoting uptake of FA and glucose in adipose tissue.

A

triglycerides

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4
Q

The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to acetyl-CoA, so it is translocated as _________.

A

citrate

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5
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step in FA synthesis?

A

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the rate limiting step, converting Acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA.

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6
Q

Which is an allosteric inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase?

A. Palmitoyl-CoA
B. Citrate
C. Glucagon
D. Insulin

A

A

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7
Q

Which is an allosteric activator of acetyl-CoA carboxylase?

A. Palmitoyl-CoA
B. Citrate
C. Glucagon
D. Insulin

A

B

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8
Q

Which activates Protein Kinase A (PKA) via cAMP, which in turn phosphorylates and DEACTIVATES acetyl-CoA carboxylase?

A. Palmitoyl-CoA
B. Citrate
C. Glucagon
D. Insulin

A

C

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9
Q

Which activates protein phosphatase, which dephosphorylates and ACTIVATES acetyl-CoA carboxylase?

A. Palmitoyl-CoA
B. Citrate
C. Glucagon
D. Insulin

A

D

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10
Q

The 7 malonyl-CoA requires for FA synthesis are generated from carboxylation of ____________.

A

acetyl-CoA (by enzyme ACC)

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11
Q

The reaction:
acetyl-CoA + OAA –> citrate + CoASH
is catalyzed by _________.

A. Malic DH
B. Malic enzyme
C. Citrate lyase
D. Citrate synthase

A

D

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12
Q

The reaction:
citrate + ATP + CoASH –>
acetyl-CoA + OAA + ADP + Pi
is catalyzed by ________.

A. Malic DH
B. Malic enzyme
C. Citrate lyase
D. Citrate synthase

A

C

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13
Q

Both steps of the pentose phosphate pathway generate _________ to power FA synthesis.

A

NADPH

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14
Q

Which catalyzes the condensation step in FA synthesis?

A. B-ketoacyl-ACP-synthase
B. B-ketoacyl reductase
C. B-hydroxyacyldehydratase
D. enoyl-ACP reductase

A

A

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15
Q

Which catalyzes the dehydration step in FA synthesis?

A. B-ketoacyl-ACP-synthase
B. B-ketoacyl reductase
C. B-hydroxyacyldehydratase
D. enoyl-ACP reductase

A

C

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16
Q

Which catalyzes reduction of the double bond to give a fully saturated FA that is 2 carbons longer?

A. B-ketoacyl-ACP-synthase
B. B-ketoacyl reductase
C. B-hydroxyacyldehydratase
D. enoyl-ACP reductase

A

D

17
Q

The cofactor for the acyl carrier protein (ACP) in FA synthesis is ____________.

A

phosphopantetheine

18
Q

What is the function of acyl carrier protein in FA synthesis?

A

It acts as an anchor for the growing FA chain.

19
Q

The end product of FA synthesis in the liver is _________.

A

palmitic acid (16:0)

20
Q

The end product of FA synthesis in the lactating mammary gland is ________.

A

decanoic acid (10:0)

21
Q

What characteristic of the end product of FA synthesis in the lactating mammary gland makes it able to freely diffuse across the intestinal epithelial cells into the portal blood?

A

it is a C10 - medium chain fatty acid

22
Q

Fatty acids from the liver are delivered to adipose tissue via what two molecules?

A
  1. VLDL

2. Chylomicrons

23
Q

VLDL particles contain what apoprotein that activates the lipoprotein lipase?

A. Apo-B48
B. Apo-B100
C. Apo-CII
D. None of these

A

C

24
Q

Fatty acid conversion to triglycerides in adipose tissue is activated by the conversion to _________.

A

fatty acyl-CoA

25
Q

Insulin stimulates both the production of LpL and the entry of glucose into the adipocyte via what glucose transporter?

A. GLUT1
B. GLUT2
C. GLUT3
D. GLUT4

A

D

26
Q

What are 3 functions of phospholipids?

A
  1. Structural component of membranes
  2. Enzyme activation
  3. Second messenger signaling

Note: phospholipids are also important in lung and detergent functioning

27
Q

________ hydrolyzes TAG in the mobilization of fatty acids from triglycerides.

A. ATGL
B. HSL
C. MAG
D. All of these

A

A (triacyltriglycerol lipase)

28
Q

________ hydrolyzes mainly DAG but also TAG in the mobilization of fatty acids from triglycerides.

A. ATGL
B. HSL
C. MAG
D. All of these

A

B

29
Q

________ hydrolyzes MGL in the mobilization of fatty acids from triglycerides.

A. ATGL
B. HSL
C. MAG
D. All of these

A

C

30
Q

Activity in ______ during the mobilization of fatty acids from triglycerides is stimulated by glucagon, epinephrine, and ACTH via phosphorylation and activation.

A. ATGL
B. HSL
C. MAG
D. All of these

A

D (however, mostly HSL is stimulated!)

Fuel Metabolism - 2016 (29 decks)

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