Lecture 16: Extinction II Flashcards
What can extinction be reflective of?
- A reduction in previously-learned behaviour and competing learning
Change in context following extinction results in ______ of behaviour.
- Renewal
When an organism re-encounters a US that had been withheld during extinction training, the recovery of behaviour is called…
- Reinstatement
A shift in temporal context following extinction training can result in…
- Spontaneous recovery
Re-acquisition following extinction training is typically _______ than initial acquisition training.
- Faster
- Rapid reacquisition
_____ extinction produces faster extinction; ______ extinction produces stronger extinction. (Spaced vs. Massed)
- Massed
- Spaced
______ extinction produces faster extinction; _____ extinction produces stronger extinction. (Delayed vs. Immediate)
- Immediate
- Delayed
Is extinction learning related to training circumstance?
- Yes, it is extremely sensitive to it
- Sensitive to disruption or other stimulation (reverts back to original learning)
What is renewal and what is it relevant for?
- Change in context following extinction results in renewed behaviour
- Particularly relevant for clinic-based behavioural therapies
What is spontaneous recovery? What is it a form of?
- Decline in conditioned behaviour reduces in time
- Temporal ‘context’ shift (a form of renewal)
What is reinstatement?
- Recovery of behaviour when organism encounters US or outcome again
- Also cue- (associated with US/outcome) and stress-induced reinstatement
What is retention of knowledge of the reinforcer?
- Selective reinstatement of behaviour specific to a particular outcome
What is rapid reacquisition?
- Reacquisition of a behaviour after extinction is faster than initial acquisition of the behaviour
What is resurgence?
- Reappearance of an extinguished target response when another reinforced response is extinguished
What happens in each stage of renewal?
Training: Context A
- learn behaviour
- Rats press lever for food while tone is paired with shock
Extinction: Context B
- Tone extinguished during ongoing lever pressing
Test: Context A
- Repeated tone presentation with no shock
- With change in context, there is an initial renewal of suppression evoked by CS
What is the process of spontaneous recovery?
- 3 week delay following extinction
- Extinction test: recovery of trained behaviour
Describe the mechanism of reinstatement?
- Related to the outcome
- Evoked by a wide range of stimuli
- Daily 3 hour extinction sessions with no cocaine
- Test: 30 min reinstatement session with cocaine cue presentation (reinstates behaviour)
- Stimulus associated with extinct outcome can elicit past behaviour
What is retention of knowledge of reinforcer another form of?
- More specific test of reinstatement
- Specific behaviour -> specific outcome
What is the process of retention of knowledge of reinforcer?
Example:
L lever press = sucrose
R lever press = pellets
- Training: Increase ratio of reinforcement (VR5, VR10, VR20)
- Extinction: decreases outcome seeking; no consequences for behaviour
- Test: Non-contingent delivery of one outcome; lever pressing is measured
- Reinstatement is specific to the outcome
Describe rapid reacquisition?
- Acquisition: Pair tone CS with food US
- Extinction: Tone, no US
- Reacquisition: 4 training sessions; learning is faster
What is the process of resurgence?
- Training: cocaine reinforced with lever press on VR20
- Extinction+Food: Lever pressing not reinforced BUT nosepoke for food is (VR10)
- Resurgence: Nosepoke extinguished, still no reinforcement for lever pressing
- Behaviour shifts to lever pressing
The blocking of ______ receptors block resurgence.
Dopamine
How is the number of extinction trials related to behaviour?
- More extinction training = greater decrease in responding
- Power of association
How does the trial spacing affect extinction?
- Spacing extinction trials reduces spontaneous recovery
- Massed extinction is learned faster
What is the effect of extinction timing on strength/speed of extinction?
- Immediate has faster extinction and greater renewal
- Delayed has less renewal and less spontaneous recovery, but takes longer to acquire
What is repeated extinction and what is its effect?
- NOT multiple trials in a session
- Attenuation of successive spontaneous recoveries
- Multiple extinction sessions
What is the effect of multiple contexts on extinction?
- Renewal is NOT evident in groups with more contexts
- Reduces impact of context change on original original behaviour
- Generalization is very delicate
What are extinction retrieval cues? What is an example?
- Renewal is attenuated by being tested in presence of extinction-associated stimulus
- Carrying around a piece of extinction context
- Ex. AA chips to mark milestones
Is compound extinction more or less effective than elemental extinction?
- Compound extinction is seen as a novel stimulus complex
- There is lower spontaneous recovery for a piece of the compound stimulus
- Compound extinction is more effective
