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Anatomy II Exam 2 > Lecture 16 - Ear, Orbit, and Nasal Cavaties > Flashcards

Lecture 16 - Ear, Orbit, and Nasal Cavaties Flashcards

1
Q

Outer Ear

A

Auricle: •Layer of skin over cartilage framework •Lobule = fibrous fatty tissue with no cartilage

Sensory innervation:
•Great auricular nerve
•Auriculotemporal nerve
•Lesser occipital nerve

External acoustic (auditory) meatus: 
•From auricle to tympanic membrane 
•2.5 cm in length 
•S-shaped 
•Lined by skin and ceruminous glands
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2
Q

Middle Ear

A 
Tympanic Membrane
Tympanic Cavity
Auditory Ossicles
Stapedius Muscle
Tensor Tympani Muscle
CN IX
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3
Q

Tympanic membrane:

A

•Dense fibrous membrane •Covered by skin externally •Covered by mucosa internally

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4
Q

Tympanic cavity:

A

•Air-filled cavity within petrous portion of temporal bone

  • Round window:
  • Enclosed by secondary tympanic membrane:
  • Undergoes compensatory excursions with movement of stapes

•Oval window: •Closed by footplate of stapes

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5
Q

Auditory ossicles

A
  • Malleus: •Attached to tympanic membrane
  • Incus
  • Stapes: •Attached to oval window (fenestra vestibuli)
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6
Q

Stapedius muscle

A

•Inserts onto neck of stapes •Contracts reflexively in response to loud sounds •Innervated by CN VII

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7
Q

Tensor tympani muscle:

A
  • Inserts onto malleus.
  • Contracts reflexively to loud sounds.
  • Innervated by CN V-3.
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8
Q

CN IX

A
  • Tympanic nerve: •GSA to mucosa of tympanic cavity, mastoid air cells, and auditory tube
  • Lateral petrosal nerve: •Leaves tympanic cavity to floor of middle cranial fossa •Descends through foramen ovale to infratemporal fossa •Ends in otic ganglion
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9
Q

Inner Ear

A

Lies within petrous part of temporal bone.

Consists of:
•Bony labyrinth: •Lined with periosteum
•Membranous labyrinth
•Supplied by: •Labyrinthine artery (from basilar artery): •(Basilar artery is formed by fusion of two vertebral arteries)

Cochlea:

Vestibule: •Contains: •Utricle •Saccule

Vestibulocochlear (auditory) nerve (CN VIII)

Semicircular Canals

Utricle/Saccule

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10
Q

Semicircular canals

A

•Anterior, posterior, lateral •Arranged in three planes •Open into utricle •Dilated at one end to form ampulla: •With crista ampullaris •Senses rotational acceleration

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11
Q

Utricle and Saccule

A

•With macula •Senses linear acceleration and pull of gravity

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12
Q

Cochlea

A

•Resembles a snail shell •Three turns •Round window (fenestra cochlea)

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13
Q

Roof (Bones of Orbit)

A
  • Orbital plate of frontal bone (A)
  • Lesser wings of sphenoid (B)
  • Related to: •Frontal cerebral lobes
  • Special features: •Fossa for lacrimal gland
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14
Q

Floor (Bones of Orbit)

A
  • Orbital plate of maxilla (A)
  • Zygomatic (B)
  • Orbital process of palatine
  • Related to: •Maxillary sinus
  • Special features: •Infraorbital groove and canal: •Infraorbital nerve: •Continuation of cranial nerve V2 •Infraorbital artery: •Branch of external carotid artery
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15
Q

Medial wall (Bones of Orbit)

A
  • Lacrimal (A)
  • Frontal (B)
  • Ethmoid (C)
  • Related to: •Ethmoid air cells •Sphenoid sinus •Nasal cavity
  • Special features: •Fossa for lacrimal sac •Opening for nasolacrimal canal
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16
Q

Lateral Wall (bones of orbit)

A
  • Zygomatic (A)
  • Greater wing of sphenoid (B)
  • Frontal

•Related to: •Temporal fossa containing temporalis muscle •Middle cranial fossa

17
Q

External Features of the Eye

A
  • Conjunctiva

* Eyelids: •Tarsal plates •Tarsal glands

18
Q

Lacrimal apparatus

A

•Lacrimal papilla and puncta •Lacrimal canaliculi and sac •Nasolacrimal duct

19
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A
  • III
  • IV
  • V-1 (ophthalmic branch): •Frontal •Lacrimal •Nasociliary
  • VI
  • Superior ophthalmic vein
20
Q

Optic canal

A
  • Cranial nerve II

* Ophthalamic artery

21
Q

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina

A

Exit for anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves

22
Q

Inferior orbital fissure

A

Cranial nerves: •V2: •Infraorbital nerve •Zygomatic branch •Orbital branches

23
Q

Six Extrinsic Muscles of the Eye

A 
Inferior Oblique
Superior Rectus
Medial Rectus
Inferior Rectus
Superior Oblique
Lateral Rectus
((Levator Palpebrae Superioris))
24
Q

Sensory Innervation of Orbit

A

Optic nerve
Ophthalmic nerve (V1):
•Lacrimal nerve •Nasociliary nerve: •Infratrochlear •Anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves •Frontal nerve: •Supratrochlear •Supraorbital

25
Q

Hard Palate

A
  • Anterior two-thirds of palate
  • Palatine folds of maxillae
  • Palatines
26
Q

Soft Palate

A
  • Posterior third of palate

* Fibromuscular fold

27
Q

Teeth

A
  • Maxillary

* Mandibular

28
Q

Vestibule/Mucous Membranes

A
  • Between lips/cheeks and gums/teeth
  • Leads to: Oral cavity proper
  • Receives: Parotid duct: Opposite upper second molar
29
Q

Oral cavity/Mucous Membranes

A
  • Bounded by: Teeth and gums, Hard/soft palates
  • Leads to: Pharynx (oropharynx)
  • Uvula
30
Q

Sensory Innervation of Mucous Membranes

A

CN V2:
•Greater and lesser palatine nerves
•Nasopalatine nerves

CN V3: 
•Lingual nerve: 
•Floor of mouth 
•Buccal nerve: 
•Vestibule and cheek
31
Q

Motor Innervation of Mucous Membranes

A

Sympathetics (see nasal cavity)

Sublingual and submandibular glands: 
•Parasympathetics from: 
•Superior salivatory nucleus via CN VII 
•To: •Submandibular/sublingual ganglia 
•To: •Submandibular and sublingual glands

Parotid glands:
•Parasympathetics from: •Inferior salivatory nucleus via CN IX
•To: •Otic ganglion
•To: •Parotid gland

32
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

Facial Nerve

33
Q

Tongue

A

Mass of skeletal muscles covered by mucosa.
•Location: •Anterior two-thirds in oral cavity proper •Posterior third in oropharynx
•Sulcus terminalis
•Foramen cecum
•Frenulum
•All intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue are innervated by CN XII

34
Q

Maxillary teeth:

A

Superior alveolar branches of CN V-2

35
Q

Mandibular teeth:

A

Inferior alveolar branches of CN V-3

36
Q

Tongue: general sensory:

A
  • Anterior two-thirds: •CN V3 via lingual nerve

* Posterior one-third: •CN IX

37
Q

Tongue: taste:

A
  • Anterior two-thirds: •CN VII via chorda tympani

* Posterior one-third: •CN IX

Anatomy II Exam 2 (8 decks)

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