Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BISC 421 - Module II > Lecture 16 - Cerebellum > Flashcards

Lecture 16 - Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A
  • compares motor plans with physical execution

- makes adjustments to keep movements coordinated, fluid and on target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cerebrocerebellum

A
  • lateral zone
  • receives input from contralateral cerebral cortex
  • regulates complex sequences of movement including speech
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

spinocerebellum

A
  • paramedain + median zones
  • receives input from spinal cord
  • somatopic organization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

vestibulocerebellum

A
  • caudal + inferior lobes
  • receives input from the vestibular nuclei
  • regulates posture + balance including some eye movements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ataxia

A

reeling, wide-based gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Decomposition of movement

A

inability to correctly sequence fine, coordinated acts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dysarthria

A
  • inability to articulate words correctly

- slurring + inappropriate phrasing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia

A

inability to perform rapid alternating movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dysmetria

A

inability to control range of movement (hypo or hypermetria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypotonia

A

decreased muscle tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nystagmus

A
  • involuntary, rapid oscillation of eyeballs in horizontal, vertical or rotary direction
  • fast component maximal toward side of cerebellar lesion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tremor

A
  • rhythmic, alternating, oscillatory movement of limb at it approaches target
  • or of proximal musculature when fixed posture or weight bearing is attempted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are 3 cerebellar outputs?

A
  1. Dentate
  2. Interposed
  3. Fastigial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dentate

A

Input: from cerebrocellebellar zone

Projects to: contralateral premotor cortex + association cortices of frontal lobe (planning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Interposed

A

Input: spinocerebellar zone

Projects to: contralateral motor cortex (executing movement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fastigial

A

Input: spinocerebellar zone

Projects to: upper motor neurons in ipsilateral brainstem (executing movement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does the vestiublocerebellum project?

A

to the vestibular nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are peduncles?

A

fiber bundles carrying inputs and outputs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are 3 cerebellar peduncles?

A
  1. superior
  2. middle
  3. inferior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What characterizes the superior peduncle?

A
  • efferent pathway (mainly)

- made of fibers exiting from deep cerebellar nuclei

21
Q

What characterizes the middle peduncle?

A
  • afferent pathway

- made of fibers carrying info from cortex (via pons)

22
Q

What characterizes the inferior peduncle?

A
  • afferent fibers from brainstem + spinal cord

- efferent fibers from vestibulocerebellum

23
Q

What does the cerebral cortex control? What does it project?

A
  • the contralateral side of the body

- projects to the ipsilateral pontine nuclei

24
Q

Where does each cerebellar hemisphere receive input from? What does it control?

A
  • receives ascending input from same (ipsilateral) side of body
  • controls movements on same side of body
25
Q

pathways from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum will cross the ________ at some _____

A

midline, point

26
Q

What is the cerebrocerebellum?

A

influences premotor cortex via the dentate (motor planning)

27
Q

What is the spinocerebellum?

A

influences motor cortex via the interposed nuclei (motor execution)

28
Q

how does the spinocereellum influence brainstem structures?

A

via fastigial nucleus (motor execution)

29
Q

Where does the vistibulocerebellum project?

A

directly to the vestibular nuclei (motor adjustment, balance)

30
Q

What are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex?

A
  1. molecular layer (ML)
  2. Purkinje cell layer (PL)
  3. Granule cell alyer (GL)
31
Q

what is the molecular layer made up of?

A
  • mainly dendrites of Purkinje cells

- axons of granule cells (parallel fibers)

32
Q

What is the Purkinje cell layer made up of?

A

Purkinje cells and basket cells

33
Q

Where do climbing fibers convey input from?

A

inferior olive

34
Q

Where does the inferior olive receive input from?

A
  • cerebral cortex
  • spinal cord
  • red nucleus
35
Q

Each purkinje cell receives input from a single _______ _____

A

climbing fiber

36
Q

What is the Purkinje cell’s response to input form a climbing fiber?

A

cells fire a complex spike

37
Q

Where do mossy fibers come from?

A

the pontine nuclei

38
Q

What are the pontine nuclei?

A

relay input from the cerebral cortex, spinal cord, vestibular nuclei

39
Q

What do mossy fibers synapse with?

A

granule cells

40
Q

Each Purkinje cell receives _______ of inputs from parallel fibers

A

hundreds of thousands

41
Q

What do purkinje cells fire in response to input from parallel fibers?

A

“simple”

42
Q

motor learning means that the cerebellum can “learn” to ____ for ______

A

compensate, changes in the status quo

43
Q

What are the 2 types of cerebellar loops?

A
  1. direct loop

2. cortical inhibitory loop from mossy fibers

44
Q

What happens in a direct loop from mossy fibers

A
  • afferent sensory information
  • from mossy fibers
  • to deep cerebellar nuclei
  • to motor system (reflex pathway)
45
Q

What happens in a cortical inhibitory loop?

A
  • from mossy fibers to granule cells
  • via parallel fibers
  • to Purkinje cells
  • to deep cerebellar nuclei + motor system
  • fine-tune reflexes
46
Q

What is the cortical inhibitory loop involved in?

A

fine tuning reflexes

47
Q

What is the climbing fiber loop involved in?

A
  • mediates motor learning

- involves complex spikes

48
Q

Where do climbing fibers originate?

A

-in inferior olive

49
Q

Where do mossy fibers originate?

A

pontine nuclei

BISC 421 - Module II (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions