Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BISC 421 - Module II > Lecture 14 - Brain Structure > Flashcards

Lecture 14 - Brain Structure Flashcards

1
Q

rostral (anterior)

A

towards the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

caudal (posterior)

A

towards the tail (or rear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

dorsal (or superficial)

A

towards the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ventral (or inferior)

A

towards the belly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

medial

A

towards the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

lateral

A

toward the side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the CNS comprise?

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Cerebellum
  • Brainstem
  • Spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the PNS comprise?

A
  • somatic (voluntary)

- visceral (autonomic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the bone that the brain is encased in?

A

the skull/cranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 layers of connective tissues?

A
  • Dura mater
  • Arachnoid
  • Pia Mater
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are ventricles?

A

Brain spaces filled with cerebral spinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the dura mater?

A
  • “hard mother”
  • leathery membrane encasing brain and spinal cord
  • on exterior, anchored to cranium and interior to the pia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the pia mater?

A
  • “soft mother”

- film of connective tissue supplied iwth capillaries that nourish the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the arachnoid layer?

A
  • “spidery”
  • network between the dura and pia, richly vasculated
  • attached to the dura on one side, pia on other
  • acts like absorber
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the central nervous system?

A
  • forebrain
  • midbrain
  • highbrain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hemisphere

A

-half sphere

EX: in cerebral cortex there is right and left hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cortex

A

-rind, cortical structures that are organized into layers
EX: cerebral cortex (neocortex, archicortex, paleocortex)
cerebellar cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

lobe

A

-chunk of cortex separated from next chunk by deep groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

gyrus

A

ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sulcus

A

groove, valley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

fissure

A

deep sulcus - sometimes interchangeably with sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the lobes of the brain?

A 
FPOT
frontal 
parietal
occipital 
temporal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the fissure in the back? What does it separate

A 
calcarine sulcus (or fissure)
-separates parietal and occipital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the middle sulcus? What does is separate?

A

central sulcus

-separates frontal and parietal

25
Q

what is the sulcus at the bottom?

A 
lateral sulcus (or fissure)
-separates  frontal and temporal
26
Q

What is grey matter?

A

cell bodies (and dendrites)

27
Q

What is white matter?

A

myelinated axons (fibers)

28
Q

What is nuclei?

A

roughly circumscribed groups of cell bodies

29
Q

What are fascicles?

A

bundle of fibers

30
Q

What are peduncles?

A

thick bundles of fibers that connect big parts of the brain to other big parts of the brain

31
Q

What are the 3 cuts of the brain?

A
  • coronal (THINK headband)
  • horizontal
  • sagittal
32
Q

What is phrenology?

A

Localization of mental faculties based on features of the skull (false idea)

33
Q

What did Phineas Gage show?

A

Certain part of the brain controls executive function

34
Q

Brain is not symmetrical in terms of function T/F?

A

True

35
Q

what is the motor homunculus?

A

map of the body laid out over a specific region of the brain

36
Q

Who was HM?

A
  • epileptic due to TBI

- resection of hippocampi resulted in partial retrograde and anterograde amnesia

37
Q

What are the 4 regions of the spinal cord?

A
  1. cervical
  2. thoracic
  3. lumbar
  4. sacral
38
Q

Cerebellum

A

motor functions

39
Q

pituitary gland

A
  • secretes hormones

- regulated by hypothalamus

40
Q

hypothalamus

A

many nuclei involved in motivated behaviors and more

41
Q

thalamus

A

-many thalamic nuclei relay info about sense to cortex

42
Q

Basal ganglia

A

-group of nuclei involved with motor function

43
Q

What are the 4 parts of the basal ganglia?

A
  1. caudate
  2. putamen
  3. globus pallidus
  4. substantia nigra
44
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brainstem?

A
  1. midbrain
  2. pons
  3. medulla
45
Q

What kind of cells are spiny cells (excite or inhibit)?

A

excitatory

EX: pyramidal cell

46
Q

What kind of cells are smooth cells (excite or inhibit)?

A

inhibitory

EX basket cell

47
Q

Sensory input from thalamus enters into ______

A

layer 4 (for the most part)

48
Q

What is the Prosencephalon?

A

forebrain

49
Q

What are the two parts of the Prosencephalon?

A
  1. telencephalon

2. diencephalon

50
Q

What are 4 modern parts of the prosencephalon?

A
  1. cerebral cortex (telencephalon)
  2. basal ganglia (telencephalon)
  3. thalamus (diencephalon)
  4. hypothalamus (diencephalon)
51
Q

What is the Mesencephalon?

A

Midbrain

52
Q

What is a modern part of the mesencephalon/

A

Tectum

53
Q

What is the Rhombencephalon?

A

Hindbrain

54
Q

What are the 2 parts of the Rhombencephalon?

A
  1. metencephalon

2. myelencephalon

55
Q

What are 3 modern examples of the Rhombencephalon?

A
  1. Cerebellum (metencephalon)
  2. Pons (metencephalon)
  3. Medulla oblongata (myelencephalon)
56
Q

What was the stereotaxic used for?

A
  • used landmarks on skull (bony ridges + hollows) to serve as reference points
  • construct atlas of human brain (each region having unique coordinates)
57
Q

What is Broca’s area?

A

area of brain that controls speech production

58
Q

What is Wernicke’s area?

A

area that correlates with the comprehension of speech/language

BISC 421 - Module II (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions