Lecture 16

Question 1

What is acquistion of speecn and language tied to?

Answer 1

Physical development and maturation.

Question 2

The course of speech and language development is a correlate of _______ ______ and ________.

Answer 2

cerebral maturation and specialization

Question 3

An index of neurologic development is the change in ?

Answer 3

gross brain weight with age

Question 4

Brainn weight triples in the first 24 months of life. T or F?

Answer 4

True

Question 5

At what age does the brain achieve 95% of its ultimate weight?

Answer 5

At 10 years old

Question 6

___________ is the study of how the brain processes linguistic info, specifically the manner and location of this processing.

Answer 6

Neurolinguistics

Question 7

What are the three basic functions of the brain?

Answer 7

1. REGULATION: energy/arousal state of the brainstem and cerebral cortex
2. PROCESSING- analyzing understanding and memorizing info
3. FORMULATION: forming ideas/plans and executing them

Question 8

Most cortical neurons are not in place yet at birth. T or F?

Answer 8

False; most cortical neurons ARE in place at birth.

Question 9

How is brain growth predominantly measured?

Answer 9

Via the development in synaptic connections and myelination

Question 10

In what order does myelination occur?

Answer 10

Precentral gyrus
Postcentral gyrus
Primary Visual Cortex
Primary Auditory Cortex

Question 11

Myelination of the cortical assoication areas follows myelination of ?

Answer 11

the primary sensory and motor regions

Question 12

What does early language behavior depend on?

Answer 12

The ability to mix and integrate info from the auditory, somesthetic, and visual association areas

Question 13

A lack of myelin maturation in language association pathways and language center has been suggested as a cause of ?

Answer 13

Developmental language delays

Question 14

Children who sustain an injury to the language regions of the cerebal cortex often experience substantially greater amounts of recovery vs. an adult with similar degree and type of damage due to _______ _______.

Answer 14

Cerebral Plasticity

Question 15

Structural differences between the right and left hemisphere suggest that most indivudals use the _____ hemisphere to support language funciton.

Answer 15

LEFT; associated with hand dominance

Question 16

_____ ______ activation may be increased in bilinguals, but this may be due to a reliance on pragmatic aspects of communication to support less proficient L2 use.

Answer 16

right hemisphere

Question 17

The causes of acquired aphasia for children are similar to those for adults. T or F?

Answer 17

True; there is a similar correlation between lesion site and speech language deficits

Question 18

epilsepsy induced aphasia

Answer 18

Landau-Kleffner syndrome

• seizure behavior in the left or bilateral temporal lobes
• unkwon causes
• both expressive and receptive aphasia

Question 19

Specific Language Impairment (SLI), has a _________ presentation. As a result it is difficult to ascribe a specific underlying neuropathology.

Answer 19

heterogeneous;

Question 20

imapired fine motor control, mild choreiform or athetoid movements, and abnormalities in a wide range of cortical areas (basal ganglia & frontal lobes) are characteristics of?

Answer 20

Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)