Lecture 16 Flashcards
What is acquistion of speecn and language tied to?
Physical development and maturation.
The course of speech and language development is a correlate of _______ ______ and ________.
cerebral maturation and specialization
An index of neurologic development is the change in ?
gross brain weight with age
Brainn weight triples in the first 24 months of life. T or F?
True
At what age does the brain achieve 95% of its ultimate weight?
At 10 years old
___________ is the study of how the brain processes linguistic info, specifically the manner and location of this processing.
Neurolinguistics
What are the three basic functions of the brain?
- REGULATION: energy/arousal state of the brainstem and cerebral cortex
- PROCESSING- analyzing understanding and memorizing info
- FORMULATION: forming ideas/plans and executing them
Most cortical neurons are not in place yet at birth. T or F?
False; most cortical neurons ARE in place at birth.
How is brain growth predominantly measured?
Via the development in synaptic connections and myelination
In what order does myelination occur?
Precentral gyrus
Postcentral gyrus
Primary Visual Cortex
Primary Auditory Cortex
Myelination of the cortical assoication areas follows myelination of ?
the primary sensory and motor regions
What does early language behavior depend on?
The ability to mix and integrate info from the auditory, somesthetic, and visual association areas
A lack of myelin maturation in language association pathways and language center has been suggested as a cause of ?
Developmental language delays
Children who sustain an injury to the language regions of the cerebal cortex often experience substantially greater amounts of recovery vs. an adult with similar degree and type of damage due to _______ _______.
Cerebral Plasticity
Structural differences between the right and left hemisphere suggest that most indivudals use the _____ hemisphere to support language funciton.
LEFT; associated with hand dominance
_____ ______ activation may be increased in bilinguals, but this may be due to a reliance on pragmatic aspects of communication to support less proficient L2 use.
right hemisphere
The causes of acquired aphasia for children are similar to those for adults. T or F?
True; there is a similar correlation between lesion site and speech language deficits
epilsepsy induced aphasia
Landau-Kleffner syndrome
- seizure behavior in the left or bilateral temporal lobes
- unkwon causes
- both expressive and receptive aphasia
Specific Language Impairment (SLI), has a _________ presentation. As a result it is difficult to ascribe a specific underlying neuropathology.
heterogeneous;
imapired fine motor control, mild choreiform or athetoid movements, and abnormalities in a wide range of cortical areas (basal ganglia & frontal lobes) are characteristics of?
Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
