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CD 558: 14 to 16 > Lecture 15 > Flashcards

Lecture 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Aphasia is an impairment due to acquired and recent damage to the ___________.

A

Central Nervous System

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2
Q

Aphasia is an impairment of the ability to _______ and ______ language.

A

comprehend and formulate

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3
Q

Aphasia is a multimodality disorder represented by a variety of impairments in what 4 things?

A

auditory comprehension
reading
oral expressive language
writing

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4
Q

The disrupted language may be influenced by ________ or _______.

A

physiological inefficiency or impaired cognition

*can’t be explained by dementia, sensory loss, or motor dysfunction

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5
Q

Aphasia is usually due to interrupted blood flow. T or F?

A

True;

interrupted blood blow causes cell death and results in necrotic tissue which eventially liquifies and is removed by astroglial action.

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6
Q

A cerebrovascular accident (stroke) can be caused by?

A

occlusive mechanisms (such as arteriosclerosis, thrombus, or embolism) or hemorrahage, .

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7
Q

the thickening or hardening of the arterial wall is ….

A

arteriosclerosis

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8
Q

accumulation of blood platelets on the arterial wall is…

A

thrombus

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9
Q

the blockage of an artery by an arterial embolus…

A

embolism

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10
Q

rupture of a vessel in the brain…

A

hemorrhage

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11
Q

dilated blood vessel, bursts at the weak point in the wall…

A

aneurysm

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12
Q

an abnormal connection bewteen veins and arteries that can lead to an aneurysm…

A

arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

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13
Q

A Neoplasm (tumor) can be either _____ or _____.

How does it affect speech, language and behaviors?

A

benign or malignant; it affects by pressing on structures in the brain or invading and damaging these structures

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14
Q

What are the 2 kinds of classification of aphasia?

A

expressive vs receptive

fluent vs nonfluent

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15
Q

Nonfluent, reduced verbal output, increased effort speaking, dysprosody, and agrammatism is what kind of aphasia?

A

Broca’s aphasia; often co-occurs with apraxia of speech and has right sided limb weakness due to involvement of motor cortex

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16
Q

Lesions that cause Broca’s aphasia occur in…

A

the frontal operculum extending to subcortical white matter and adjacent cortical regions of the frontal lobe

17
Q

Fluent aphasia, speech is frequently paraphasic, characterized by significant difficulty with auditory comprehension, usually no significant motor involvement due to the posterior location of the lesion is what kind of aphasia?

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia

18
Q

Lesions that cause Wernicke’s aphasia occur in….

A

posterior superior temporal gyrys and damage to supramarginal and angular gyrus

19
Q

Fluent aphasia, disproportionaltely poor repetion given fluency of speech, frequent phonemic paraphasias, auditory comprehension is relatively good is what kind of aphasia?

A

Conduction Aphasia

20
Q

Severe expressive and receptive aphasia, nonfluent, speech output may be limited to a few words or a recurrent word or nonword spoken w/ appropriate inflection is what kind of aphasia?

A

Global Aphasia

21
Q

Transcotical aphasias: lesions are just outside or athe border of the ___________ and distribution of the middle cerebral artery.

A

Perisylvian langyage zones

22
Q

What are the three kinds of transcortical aphasias?

A

transcortical motor, transcortical sensory and mixed transcortical aphasia.

23
Q

All transcortical moto aphasias are characterized by very good ________.

A

repetition

24
Q

Relatively good receptive and expressive abilities, word finding difficulty is main symtpom, fluent aphasia, lesions commonly in angular gyrus is what kind of aphasia?

A

Anomic Aphasia

25
Q

Subcortical Aphasia’s are common or uncommon? How do they occur?

A

Uncommon; can occure due to isolated thalamic and basal ganglia lesions.

26
Q

Do individuals with aphasia typically have some degree of reading and writing difficulties?

A

yes

27
Q

Alexia without agraphia

A
  • inability to read, but can still write
  • other language areas are relatively intact
  • lesions involve the posterior cerebral artery and damage to the left dominant occipital lobe and the slenium
28
Q

Alexia with agraphia

A
  • difficulty ready and writing
  • more likely than alexia without agraphia that there may be mild aphasia
  • lesions in the dominant left inferior parietal lobe usually involving angular gyrus
29
Q

-difficulty comprehending figurative/nonliteral language
-difficulty generating and interpreting inferences
-discourse tends to be egocentric, off target, or disorganized
-aprosodia: difficulty comprehending or producing prosodic aspects of speech
-attention difficulties
Are all what kind of problems?

A

Common communication problems

30
Q

An acquired persistent impairment of intellectual function with compromise in at least 3 of the following spheres of mental activity: language, memory, visuospatial skills, emotion, or personality and cognition is….

A

Dementia

31
Q

dementia characterized primarily by memory problems but language skills deteriorate progessively also is…

A

cortical dementia: dementia of the alzheimer’s type (DAT)

32
Q

degeneration begins in the frontal and or temporal lobes, behavioral changes or language impairments, memory is relatively intact is….

A

cortical dementia: frontotemporal dementia (FTD)

33
Q

What are the three types of primary progressive aphasias (PPA)?

A
  1. semantic dementia
  2. nonfluent progressive aphasia
  3. logopenic dementia

(SNL)

34
Q

Agrammatism in language production, effortful halting speech w/ inconsistent speech sound errors and distortions, impaired comprehension of syntactically complex sentences, spared single word comprehension, spared object knowledge, degeneration begins in the left posterior fronto insular region =

A

nonfluent progressive aphasia (NFPA)

35
Q

What 3 things are impaired in semantic dementia?

A
  1. impaired confrontation naming
  2. impaired single word comprehension
  3. impaired object knoweldge
36
Q

Surface dysgraphia, spared repetition, and spared motor aspects of speech and grammar are characteristics of ?

A

semantic dementia

37
Q

impaired single word retrieval in spontaneous speech and naming, impaired repetition of sentences and phrases, speech (phonologic) errors, in spontaneous speech and naming, spared single word comprehension and object knoweldge, spared motor speech, absense of frank agrammatism are characteristics of ?

A

Logopenic aphasia (LPA)

38
Q

Subcortical dementias can accompany ________ syndromes such as _____ or _______ disease.

A

extrapyramidal; parkinsons’ or huntington’s disease

CD 558: 14 to 16 (3 decks)

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