Lecture 15

Question 1

Aphasia is an impairment due to acquired and recent damage to the ___________.

Answer 1

Central Nervous System

Question 2

Aphasia is an impairment of the ability to _______ and ______ language.

Answer 2

comprehend and formulate

Question 3

Aphasia is a multimodality disorder represented by a variety of impairments in what 4 things?

Answer 3

auditory comprehension
reading
oral expressive language
writing

Question 4

The disrupted language may be influenced by ________ or _______.

Answer 4

physiological inefficiency or impaired cognition

*can’t be explained by dementia, sensory loss, or motor dysfunction

Question 5

Aphasia is usually due to interrupted blood flow. T or F?

Answer 5

True;

interrupted blood blow causes cell death and results in necrotic tissue which eventially liquifies and is removed by astroglial action.

Question 6

A cerebrovascular accident (stroke) can be caused by?

Answer 6

occlusive mechanisms (such as arteriosclerosis, thrombus, or embolism) or hemorrahage, .

Question 7

the thickening or hardening of the arterial wall is ….

Answer 7

arteriosclerosis

Question 8

accumulation of blood platelets on the arterial wall is…

Answer 8

thrombus

Question 9

the blockage of an artery by an arterial embolus…

Answer 9

embolism

Question 10

rupture of a vessel in the brain…

Answer 10

hemorrhage

Question 11

dilated blood vessel, bursts at the weak point in the wall…

Answer 11

aneurysm

Question 12

an abnormal connection bewteen veins and arteries that can lead to an aneurysm…

Answer 12

arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

Question 13

A Neoplasm (tumor) can be either _____ or _____.

How does it affect speech, language and behaviors?

Answer 13

benign or malignant; it affects by pressing on structures in the brain or invading and damaging these structures

Question 14

What are the 2 kinds of classification of aphasia?

Answer 14

expressive vs receptive

fluent vs nonfluent

Question 15

Nonfluent, reduced verbal output, increased effort speaking, dysprosody, and agrammatism is what kind of aphasia?

Answer 15

Broca’s aphasia; often co-occurs with apraxia of speech and has right sided limb weakness due to involvement of motor cortex

Question 16

Lesions that cause Broca’s aphasia occur in…

Answer 16

the frontal operculum extending to subcortical white matter and adjacent cortical regions of the frontal lobe

Question 17

Fluent aphasia, speech is frequently paraphasic, characterized by significant difficulty with auditory comprehension, usually no significant motor involvement due to the posterior location of the lesion is what kind of aphasia?

Answer 17

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Question 18

Lesions that cause Wernicke’s aphasia occur in….

Answer 18

posterior superior temporal gyrys and damage to supramarginal and angular gyrus

Question 19

Fluent aphasia, disproportionaltely poor repetion given fluency of speech, frequent phonemic paraphasias, auditory comprehension is relatively good is what kind of aphasia?

Answer 19

Conduction Aphasia

Question 20

Severe expressive and receptive aphasia, nonfluent, speech output may be limited to a few words or a recurrent word or nonword spoken w/ appropriate inflection is what kind of aphasia?

Answer 20

Global Aphasia

Question 21

Transcotical aphasias: lesions are just outside or athe border of the ___________ and distribution of the middle cerebral artery.

Answer 21

Perisylvian langyage zones

Question 22

What are the three kinds of transcortical aphasias?

Answer 22

transcortical motor, transcortical sensory and mixed transcortical aphasia.

Question 23

All transcortical moto aphasias are characterized by very good ________.

Answer 23

repetition

Question 24

Relatively good receptive and expressive abilities, word finding difficulty is main symtpom, fluent aphasia, lesions commonly in angular gyrus is what kind of aphasia?

Answer 24

Anomic Aphasia

Question 25

Subcortical Aphasia's are common or uncommon? How do they occur?

Answer 25

Uncommon; can occure due to isolated thalamic and basal ganglia lesions.

Question 26

Do individuals with aphasia typically have some degree of reading and writing difficulties?

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

Alexia without agraphia

Answer 27

- inability to read, but can still write - other language areas are relatively intact - lesions involve the posterior cerebral artery and damage to the left dominant occipital lobe and the slenium

Question 28

Alexia with agraphia

Answer 28

- difficulty ready and writing - more likely than alexia without agraphia that there may be mild aphasia - lesions in the dominant left inferior parietal lobe usually involving angular gyrus

Question 29

-difficulty comprehending figurative/nonliteral language -difficulty generating and interpreting inferences -discourse tends to be egocentric, off target, or disorganized -aprosodia: difficulty comprehending or producing prosodic aspects of speech -attention difficulties Are all what kind of problems?

Answer 29

Common communication problems

Question 30

An acquired persistent impairment of intellectual function with compromise in at least 3 of the following spheres of mental activity: language, memory, visuospatial skills, emotion, or personality and cognition is....

Answer 30

Dementia

Question 31

dementia characterized primarily by memory problems but language skills deteriorate progessively also is...

Answer 31

cortical dementia: dementia of the alzheimer's type (DAT)

Question 32

degeneration begins in the frontal and or temporal lobes, behavioral changes or language impairments, memory is relatively intact is....

Answer 32

cortical dementia: frontotemporal dementia (FTD)

Question 33

What are the three types of primary progressive aphasias (PPA)?

Answer 33

1. semantic dementia 2. nonfluent progressive aphasia 3. logopenic dementia (SNL)

Question 34

Agrammatism in language production, effortful halting speech w/ inconsistent speech sound errors and distortions, impaired comprehension of syntactically complex sentences, spared single word comprehension, spared object knowledge, degeneration begins in the left posterior fronto insular region =

Answer 34

nonfluent progressive aphasia (NFPA)

Question 35

What 3 things are impaired in semantic dementia?

Answer 35

1. impaired confrontation naming 2. impaired single word comprehension 3. impaired object knoweldge

Question 36

Surface dysgraphia, spared repetition, and spared motor aspects of speech and grammar are characteristics of ?

Answer 36

semantic dementia

Question 37

impaired single word retrieval in spontaneous speech and naming, impaired repetition of sentences and phrases, speech (phonologic) errors, in spontaneous speech and naming, spared single word comprehension and object knoweldge, spared motor speech, absense of frank agrammatism are characteristics of ?

Answer 37

Logopenic aphasia (LPA)

Question 38

Subcortical dementias can accompany ________ syndromes such as _____ or _______ disease.

Answer 38

extrapyramidal; parkinsons' or huntington's disease