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MEDSCI 202 > Lecture 16 > Flashcards

Lecture 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 regions of antibodies

A

Fc region, Complement binding region and hypervariable region

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2
Q

name the 2 classes for antibody light chains

A

kappa and lambda

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3
Q

name the 5 antibody classes for antibody heavy chains

A

Mu, Delta, Gamma, Epilson, Alpha

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4
Q

Which antibody is the most abundant Ig in humans

A

IgA

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5
Q

Which antibody acts as a trigger receptor by delivering activation signals to naive B cells through antigen binding

A

IgD

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6
Q

What is the largest antibody

A

IgM

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7
Q

Which antibody is most abundant in blood

A

IgG

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8
Q

What is IgE important for?

A

Allergies and parasitic functions

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9
Q

What do IgG2 and IgG4 do

A

prevent molecular interaction

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10
Q

What do IgG1 and IgG3 do

A

activate phagocytic cells

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11
Q

How do IgE molecules bind to mast cells

A

Via the Fc region

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12
Q

Where is IgD found

A

On the surface of naive B cells

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13
Q

What is the function of IgA

A

to prevent harmful material getting through the gut, respiratory tract and provide external body surface protection

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14
Q

where is IgM mostly found

A

blood

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15
Q

what is the function of IgM

A

important in defense against blood borne spread of infectious organisms such as bacteria

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16
Q

What do CD8 cells bind to

A

class 1 MHC

17
Q

What do CD4 cells bind to

A

class 2 MHC

18
Q

what gives TCR their specificity

A

the different amino acids

19
Q

what complex does CD8 form

A

CD8 forms a complex with TCR and CD3

20
Q

How does T cell recognition work

A

APC need to be presented with the correct antigen in the correct HLA molecule

21
Q

what are the class 1 HLA genes

A

HLA - B, HLA - A, HLA - C

22
Q

How does clonal repertoire work

A

the larger the CR then the more antigens we can respond to as the different TCRs provide different interactions

23
Q

where are class 1 cells found

A

on all nucleated cells

24
Q

How does presentation work through class 2 MHC

A

APC that has endocytosed proteins or dead cells are digested in lysosomes and the resulting fragments are processed and loaded into MHC 2 molecules before they are taken to the surface.

25
Q

what do CD8 T cells do

A

recognise things that should be in the body such as tumor cells, unhealthy cells and virally infected cells and kill them

26
Q

What is the first step of T cell clonal activation

A

The correct APC with its correct MHC molecule finds its correct T cell counterpart and the T cell activates

27
Q

what are antigens the product of

A

bacteria and viruses

28
Q

what conditions do T cells need to have to be activated

A

needs to be present in the lymph nodes, the antigen must be processed and presented to the T cell

29
Q

what are the MHC class 2 HLA genes

A

HLA - DP, HLA - DQ, HLA - DR

30
Q

How does Class 1 MHC presentation work

A

this occurs within the cell where small amount of proteins within the cell are removed from the pathway. These molecules are degraded in order to generate a whole series of different peptides.

31
Q

Where are class 2 MHC molecules found

A

on specialised APC cells and B cells

32
Q

why are APC taken to the lymph node

A

to maximise interaction so the chances of APC finding its correct T cell match is increased

33
Q

True or false: the T cell can be activated with any APC molecule

A

False. T cells can only be activated with their correct/unique counterpart APC molecule

34
Q

what is the second step of T cell clonal activation

A

The MHC molecule receives additional cytokine signals from other helper T cells in order to drive proliferation

35
Q

what is the third step of T cell clonal activation

A

T cell undergoes proliferation because of cytokine signalling. results in millions of T cell clones going out into periphery to find infection.

36
Q

what is the final step of T cell clonal activation

A

effector cells are produced which go out to the infection and regulate what is going on. This is an acute response with immediate recovery however a memory population is also made with the same T cell clone and TCR specificity.

37
Q

which region of the antibody is constant

A

Fc region

38
Q

what are present on the tips of antibodies

A

the epitope binding region which will bind the same antigen on both sides

MEDSCI 202 (6 decks)

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