Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MICRO 121 > Lecture 15: STI's > Flashcards

Lecture 15: STI's Flashcards

1
Q

Incidence

A

First time infected/finite time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Prevalence

A

General level/time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Rate

A

Frequency (#of events/size of population) ex. attack rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Do condoms work to eliminate HPV?

A

NO, just lower chances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most common age for STI’s

A

15-24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 factors determining rate of spread of STI’s

A

a) rate of exposure of susceptible ppl
b) efficiency of transmission per exposure
c) duration of infectivity of those infected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HPV

A

Major cause of human disease. Rate very high. Can cause cancer. Could get it, it lies dormant, and suddenly in your 40’s you have cervical cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

STI transmission + acquiring

A
  • Sex (vag/anal)
  • Oral-gen
  • I.V drugs (sharing needles)
  • Congenital transmission (mom->baby)
  • Women tend to be more bio prone to STI’s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Harm reduction strategies for preventing STI acquisition

A
  • Abstinence (dumb)
  • Practice safe sex
  • Monogamous relationship (dumb)
  • Reduce the # number of sexual partners
  • Vaccination (HPV)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bacteria STI’s

A
  • Treponema pallidum
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Neisseria gonorrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Viruses STI’s

A
  • Human immunodeficiency virus
  • Human Pappiloma Virus (HPV)
  • Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Parasites STI

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Syphilis

A
  • Caused by Treponema palladum
  • Less common STI but on the rise
  • Doesn’t produce painful sores
  • Can be treated with penicillin
  • Can be asymp
  • Diagnoses: Treponemal Tests (IgG and IgM) as well as testing for non-syphilis specific proteins non-treponemal test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stage 1 Syphilis

A

Shanker (non painful @ first sign of contact) -> then randomly dissolves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stage 2 Syphilis

A

Develops a rash -> on palms and soles of feet
Rash is hard to see with freckles or dark skin then disappears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stage 3 Syphilis

A

Can activate in brain, heart, etc causing severe complications
Can make you go mad
CNS involvement can lead to personality changes, emotional instability, memory impairment, etc

17
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A
  • Common, caused by intracellular bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Transmitted via sex (any kind), or from mom-baby
  • Occurs worldwide
  • Common in females vs males
  • Incubation is 1-3 weeks
  • Can ascend up gen tract leading to ectopic preg, and PID in women
18
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis: 3 specific entities based on anatomical site

A
  1. Trachoma: ocular and leading cause of blindness
  2. Lymphogranuloma venereum: causes infection in rectal mucosa
  3. Genital infection: Inflammation of reproductive tract
19
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis Types

A
  1. Trachoma: Ocular trachoma Serovar A, B, Ba, and C
  2. Lymphogranuloma venereum: Serovar L1, L2, and L3
  3. Genital Infection: D-K serotypes most commonly E, F, D
20
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis diagnosis

A

Urine sample for both genders
40% of females who have Chlamydia trachomatis also have gonorrhea

21
Q

Science of Chlamydia trachomatis (pathogenesis)

A
  • Infects columnar epithelial cells, increases risk in adolescent females since these extend further into ectocervix in adolescents
  • Epithelial cells as a result of infection recruit neutrophils to region which then lead to an inflammatory response
22
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis symptoms MEN

A
  • Itchiness
  • Pain
  • Discharge
  • Swelling
    1/2 will be asymp
23
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis symptoms FEMALE

A
  • Burning
  • Vag discharge
  • Bleeding
  • Pain
  • Lower back or ab pain
  • Possible fevers and chills
  • Itchiness
24
Q

Lab detection of Chlamydia trachomatis

A
  • Swabs are least traumatic method of collection for diagnosis
  • Avoid cotton swabs
  • Also test for gonorrhoea
  • Cervical specimens can be collected
  • Send the swabs for PCR for the detection of CT and NG
25
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoea

A
  • Always considered pathogenic and is not a notifiable disease
  • Gram -‘ve cocci
  • Humans are the only host for the pathogen
  • 2nd most common bacterial STI
  • Infects the mucous membrane in body including gen tract, rectum, pharynx, eyes
  • Can lead to ectopic pregnancies
  • Sex acquires or from mom to baby
  • Rapidly developing multi-drug resistance
  • 15-24 yr olds
  • Incubation period of 2-8 days
26
Q

How is Neisseria gonorrhoea diagnosed

A

With a swab as it needs to be cultured to determine how to treat it

27
Q

Complications of Neisseria gonorrhoea

A

Potential systematic infections
- Arthritis
- endocarditis
-meningitis

28
Q

Epidemiology and Transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoea

A
  • Majority occur in 15-24 year olds
  • Incubation period is 2-8 days
  • 10% men and 50% women are minimally symptomatic or asymptomatic
  • most cases will resolve in several weeks
  • ALWAYS SEEK TREATMENT
29
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoea and resistance

A
  • Increasing resistance
  • Associated with treatment failure “untreatable gonococcal infection”
  • One of the WHO list priority organisms for emerging resistance over the next 10 yrs
30
Q

Diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A
  • Swab 2cm and rotate anterior portion of meal urethra
  • Samples should be obtained after removal of mucous
  • Dacron and Rayon swabs
  • Send for PCR and Culture
31
Q

STI Summary

A
  • Highly prevalent especially in 15-24 year olds
  • Significant proportion of individuals are asymptomatic
  • ALWAYS seek medical treatment
  • Emerging resistance is a problem with some such as (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) and not others (Treponema palladum)

MICRO 121 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions