Blood Stream/Skin & Soft tissue/Ear, Eye, Nose, Throat Infections Flashcards
Primary Bacteremia
Blood infection from an unknown source
Secondary Bacteremia
Localized infection spread into the blood
Sepsis
Bacteremia + symptoms
Body’s xtreme response to infection, blood poisoning by bacteria
Transient bacteremia
Common, asymptomatic, usually only lasts minutes
Ex. dental, endocarditis
Intermittent bacteremia
Extravascular source that leaks into the blood
Ex. UTI, perf bowel
Continuous bacteremia
Intravascular source, consistent presence in blood
Ex. Catheter
Blood culture for diagnoses
2/site (anaerobe, aerobe), 2 sites, 5 min apart, of 8-10 mL each
In kids: 2 bottles with 1-3 mL each
Lines (ex: catheter)
Risk biofilm production - need to test for a line infection. Switch it out if infected, get peripheral blood cultures and blood from the line
Diagnoses for S. aureus
Always treat S. aureus, gram negatives and group A Strep 1/4 or 2/4 from the same site = contaminant, not a bacteremia
Contaminant = substances in environment, or substance present in clinical sample not relevant to patient’s condition/diagnosis
Bacteremia = presence of bacteria in the bloodstream
How is something classified?
By depth and bacterial/fungal/viral/parasitic. Caused by an opening in the skin.
Wounds
Clean, clean contaminated (resp), contaminated (colon), infected
Bites
Can cause cellulitis, abscess, and deep tissue infections. Animal bites or clenched fists.
Epidemic Impetigo
Lesions of mouth and nose, contagious, antibiotics.
Group A strep, S. aureus
Erysipelas
Rapid infection of deeper skin layers, raised borders, cause of sepsis Group A Strep
Cellulitis
Acute spread in subQ (subcutaneous) after local trauma. Sepsis A strep, S. aureus, neg bacilli, pseudo
(Causes redness, swelling, and pain)
Furuncle/Carbuncle
Infected sebaceous gland, treated with penicillins. (Reddish tender mumps)
S. aureus
Decubitus Ulcer
Bed sore, skin breakdown. Multi colonized or none at all
Fasciitis
Rapid cellulitis, necrosis, toxin producing, trauma. Group A strep
(Inflammation of fascia)
Dermatophytes
hair, skin, nails
fungal, tropical treatment
Scabies
Tiny mite that burrows and lays eggs, causing inflammation
Lice/crabs
Doesn’t move sites, easily controlled
Viral skin infection
Herpes 1, 2, and varicella zoster
Conjunctivitis/pink eye
Bacterial, viral or allergies. Contagious, common in children. Adenovirus, strep pneumo, h influenza. Gonorrhea, chlamydia, HSV in infants from mom
Otitis externa/swim ear
Treatment focused on drying. Pseudomonas, fungi (antibiotic overuse)
Otitis media
Swelling of tube prevents fluid drainage. Strep pneumo, H influenza, RSV, flu
Pharyngitis
Usually viral. HSV, HIV, Mono, cold/flu, A strep, chlamydia, gonorrhea, diphtheria
Tracheobronchitis (upper resp)
1. Parainfluenza
2. Resp. syncytial virus
3. B Pertussis
Croup/laryngitis/bronchitis in adults. RSV, Flu, B Pertussis
1. croup/laryngitis in kids, bronchitis in adults. Clinical detection: PCR
2. Outbreak in winter, causes bronchitis and pneumonia. PCR testing
3. Gram neg, whooping cough. Highly contagious. DTAP vaccine
Pneumonia (lower resp)
Infected and inflamed lungs. Serious in kids and elderly. PCR test. Bacterial or viral. Strep pneumo, legionella (A/C), mycoplasma (100 day cough), c. pneumo (birds), g neg bacilli
Ventilator Pneumo: Severe. Pseudomonas, strep, staph, MRSA, Klebsiella. Biofilm formation
TB (lower resp)
Mostly latent, 10% chronic. Immunocompromised at high risk. Airborne (pressure room). TB skin test, smear, PCR. Can take 1/2 yr to culture. Up to 9 months of antibiotics.
