Lecture 15 - glycolysis pathway Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between ATP release in standard vs physiological conditions

A

standard tends to give less free energy (-32)
phsyiological gives more (-48)

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2
Q

how to calc free energy in actual physiological cond

A

free energy = free enery in standard conditions + RT ln [ADP][Pi]/[ATP]

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3
Q

what enzyme convers adenine nucleotides at near equilibrium

A

adenylate kinase
ATP + AMP -> <- 2ADP

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4
Q

what does inc conc of AMP do

A

indicates the cell is in low wnergy state
signals to the cell it needs more ATP

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5
Q

what is NTP

A

nucleoside tri phosphates
can be A T C G or U

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6
Q

what does NAD+ stand for

A

nicotinamide+ adenine dinucleotide

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7
Q

what is NADP+

A

NAD+ but with a phosphate attached

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8
Q

how many e- does NAD+ require to be reduced

A

2

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9
Q

how much energy is released by the oxidation of NADH by O2

A

-220kJ
allows ADP + Pi to make ATP

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10
Q

what does the diff between NAD+ and NADP+ allow for

A

differentiation between the 2 for diff enzyme reactions

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11
Q

what is FAD and FMN

A

Flavin redox cofactors (prosthetic groups)
FAD = flavin adenine dinucleotide
FMN = flavin mononuclotide

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12
Q

FAD reduction equation

A

FAD + 2H+ + 2e- -><- FADH2

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13
Q

what is diff between FAD and NAD+ in terms of e- acquisition

A

FAD captures 1 e- at a time
NAD+ does 2

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14
Q

name the oxd flavin

A

quinone
FAD or FMN

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15
Q

name the semi reduced flavin

A

semi quinone
FADHradical or FMNHradical

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16
Q

name the reduced form of flavin

A

hydroquinone
FADH2 or FMNH2

17
Q

overall glycolysis reaction

A

glucose + 2ADP + 2NAD+ + 2Pi —> 2Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H+ + 2H2O

18
Q

net production of NADH and ATP from glycolysis

A

2 NADH
and 2 ATP

19
Q

in alcoholic fermentation, what is pyruvate converted to

A

ethanol
occurs in microorganisms

20
Q

what cells go thorugh lactic fermentation

A

several microorg
muscle cells in absence of O2
and red blood cells - no mitochond

21
Q

overall equation for alcoholic fermentation

A

glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2H+ —–> 2 Ethanol + 2ATP + 2CO2 + 2H2O

22
Q

overall equation for Lactic fermentation

A

glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi ——-> 2 Lactate (3C) + 2ATP + 2H2O