Lecture 15 - glycolysis pathway Flashcards
what is the difference between ATP release in standard vs physiological conditions
standard tends to give less free energy (-32)
phsyiological gives more (-48)
how to calc free energy in actual physiological cond
free energy = free enery in standard conditions + RT ln [ADP][Pi]/[ATP]
what enzyme convers adenine nucleotides at near equilibrium
adenylate kinase
ATP + AMP -> <- 2ADP
what does inc conc of AMP do
indicates the cell is in low wnergy state
signals to the cell it needs more ATP
what is NTP
nucleoside tri phosphates
can be A T C G or U
what does NAD+ stand for
nicotinamide+ adenine dinucleotide
what is NADP+
NAD+ but with a phosphate attached
how many e- does NAD+ require to be reduced
2
how much energy is released by the oxidation of NADH by O2
-220kJ
allows ADP + Pi to make ATP
what does the diff between NAD+ and NADP+ allow for
differentiation between the 2 for diff enzyme reactions
what is FAD and FMN
Flavin redox cofactors (prosthetic groups)
FAD = flavin adenine dinucleotide
FMN = flavin mononuclotide
FAD reduction equation
FAD + 2H+ + 2e- -><- FADH2
what is diff between FAD and NAD+ in terms of e- acquisition
FAD captures 1 e- at a time
NAD+ does 2
name the oxd flavin
quinone
FAD or FMN
name the semi reduced flavin
semi quinone
FADHradical or FMNHradical
name the reduced form of flavin
hydroquinone
FADH2 or FMNH2
overall glycolysis reaction
glucose + 2ADP + 2NAD+ + 2Pi —> 2Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H+ + 2H2O
net production of NADH and ATP from glycolysis
2 NADH
and 2 ATP
in alcoholic fermentation, what is pyruvate converted to
ethanol
occurs in microorganisms
what cells go thorugh lactic fermentation
several microorg
muscle cells in absence of O2
and red blood cells - no mitochond
overall equation for alcoholic fermentation
glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2H+ —–> 2 Ethanol + 2ATP + 2CO2 + 2H2O
overall equation for Lactic fermentation
glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi ——-> 2 Lactate (3C) + 2ATP + 2H2O
