Lecture 15: emotions Flashcards

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1
Q

What are emotions?

A
  • subjective feelings associated with physiological states necessary to have normal human experiences
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2
Q

examples of physiological response?

A
  • inc. heart rate
  • inc. blood pressure
  • sweating
  • difficult to distinguish responses to different emotions
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3
Q

are they universal/innate?

A
  • same muscles contract for everyone (especially facial expressions)
  • we know because babies do it without being taught, blind people do it without ever seeing it
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4
Q

What are the 3 major theories of emotion?

A
  • james-lange
  • cannon-bard
  • two factor (schachter-singer)
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5
Q

James-lange theory?

A
  • physiological response –> emotion
  • assumes phys. response necessary for emotion
  • assumes theres a set of phys. responses for each emotion
    –> couldn’t distinguish them
  • suggests that without phys. response, there is no emotion
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6
Q

evidence support/against james-lange theory?

A

support:
- people who are paralyzed experience less emotion
–> can’t shake/tremble = less fear
–> can’t smile = less happiness
against:
- people given a shot of adrenaline had no emotion

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7
Q

cannon-bard theory?

A
  • phys. response and emotion occur simultaneously and independently*
  • happen at the same time
  • you can have one without the other
  • no relationship between specific emotion and set of phys. responses
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8
Q

two-factor? (schachter-singer) process?

A
  • phys. responses are not specific to each emotion
  • we interpret responses differently based on the situation
  • two factors:
    –> physiological
    –> cognitive
  • process:
    –> event
    –> phys. response
    –> cognitive appraisal / label
    –> emotion
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9
Q

define cognitive appraisal?

A
  • explanation for phys. response based on environmental cues
  • tells us how to handle the threat or situation
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10
Q

How James-Lange theory of emotion differs from Cannon-Bard’s theory of emotion?

A

james-lange: phys. response causes emotion
cannon-bard: phys. response and emotion are independent and simultaneous

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11
Q

Which theory of emotion includes appraisal in the process of having the emotion? What does it mean that we do an appraisal of the situation?

A
  • two factor
  • appraisal means we look to our environment and the situation to find cues on how we should respond to the stimulus
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12
Q

The amygdala is involved in the emotion on fear. How does the study of people like S.M helps us to come to this conclusion?

A

S.M. had calcification of both amygdalas
no motor or sensory impairment
no deficits in language, memory, or intelligence
she didn’t experience any fear, had difficulty recognizing fear or anger on other people

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13
Q

What are the 6 universal emotions?

A
  1. sad
  2. happy
  3. surprise
  4. fear
  5. disgust
  6. anger/contempt
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14
Q

Darwin showed that the expression of emotions is universal. What is the importance of that from an evolutionary perspective

A
  • emotions are important because they serve an adaptive role
  • they motivate us to respond to our environment which improves chances of survival
  • also important for communicating with others
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15
Q

There is some research indicating that people using Botox experience emotions less intensely. Based on what we learned in class, how do you explain it

A
  • botox injections can change how people’s facial muscles move
  • research has shown that changes or limitations in facial expressions can reduce how intensely people feel emotions
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16
Q

Which theory of emotion predicts independence between bodily and psychological processes?
a. cannon-bard
b. james-lange
c. two factors
d. lazarus

A

a. cannon-bard

17
Q

You’re talking to your friend Carl about his new romantic interest. Carl says “Feel how hard my heart is beating. I guess I must be in love”. Carl’s remark comes closest to the ___ theory.
a. james-lange
b. cannon-bard
c. two factors
d. lazarus

A

c. two factors?

18
Q

Emotion of fear is mostly controlled by…?

A

amygdala

19
Q

Charles Darwin did NOT believe that emotions…
a. are vague, unpredictable personal states
b. serve adaptive functions
c. deal with recurring situations in the world
d. evolved alongside other important human functions

A

a. are vague, unpredictable personal states

20
Q

Paul Ekman’s research on universality of facial expressions revealed that…
a. people from New Guinea recognized almost all western facial expressions
b. members of western cultures unable to recognize most facial expressions of people from New Guinea
c. one or two facial expressions are universal
d. people from different cultures use the same expressions to convey different meanings

A

a. people from New Guinea recognized almost all western facial expressions