Lecture 15: Deep Back Muscles Flashcards
What are epaxial muscles?
spinalis
longissimus
iliocostalis
What are hypoxia muscles?
quadratus lumborum external oblique internal oblique transversus rectus abdominus
Superficial back muscles connect ____ to axial skelton
limb
What are the superficial back muscles innervated by?
ventral rami or CN XI
What muscles are superficial back muscles?
trapezius latissimus dorsi levator scapulae rhomboideus major rhomboideus minor
Intermediate muscles are ____ muscles
respiratory
What are intermediate back muscles innervated by?
ventral rami
What muscles make up the intermediate back muscles?
serratus posterior superior
serratus posterior inferior
What are the deep back muscles innervated by?
dorsal (posterior) rami
What are the three groups of the deep back muscles?
superficial
intermediate
deep
What makes up the superficial group of the deep back muscles?
splenius capitis
splenius cervicis
What makes up the intermediate group of the deep back muscles?
iliocostalis
longissiumus
spinalis
What makes up the deep group of the deep back muscles?
semispinalis
multifundus
rotatores
Superficial and intrinsic back muscles are ______ and deep back muscles are ______
extrinsic; intrinsic
What is the thoracolumbar fascia?
triangular shaped sheet of tough connective tissue covering lower back
Posterior thoracolumbar fascia laminae attaches to ______
lumbar spinous process
Middle thoracolumbar fascia laminae attaches to ______
lumbar transverse processes
anterior thoracolumbar fascia laminae attaches to ______
attaches to lumbar transverse processes
Serratus posterior superior origin
ligamentum niche; spinous processes of C7- T1-2(3)
Serratus posterior superior insertion
Ribs 2-5
Serratus posterior superior action
elevate upper ribs during inspiration
Serratus posterior superior innervation
ventral rami of intercostals (T1- 3(4))
Serratus posterior Inferior origin
spinous process of T11-12 and L1
Serratus posterior Inferior insertion
Ribs 10(9)-12
Serratus posterior Inferior action
pull lower bis inferiorly and counteracts diaphragm
Serratus posterior Inferior innervation
ventral rami of intercostals T9-12
Superficial intrinsic muscles make up the ______ sytem
spinotransversalis
What is the spinotransversalis system?
muscles run laterally and upward to attach to transverse processes and skull
What are the two parts of the spinotransversalis system?
splenius capitis
splenius cervices
Intermediate intrinsic muscles make up the _____ system
sacrospinalis
Sacrospinalis system makes up what group?
erector spinae
Deep intrinsic muscles make up the ______ system
transversospinalis
muscles in sacrospinalis system
iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis
What muscles make up the transversospinalis system
semispinalis
multifundus
rotatores
What innervates either side of midline of the cutaneous back
dorsal rami of thoracic spinal nerves
Laterally, the cutaneous back is innervated by
lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves
What are the intrinsic muscles of the back innervated by?
dorsal (posterior) rami
Splenius capitis origin
spinous processes of C7 and T1-4
Splenius capitis insertion
superior nuchal line and mastoid
Splenius cervicis origin
spinous processes of T3-6
Splenius cervicis insertion
C1-C4 transverse processes with levator scapulae
The iliocostalis is the _____ part of the erector spinae group
lateral
Action of iliocostalis
extends back; keeps erect posture
Components of iliocostalis
lumborum
thoracis
cervicis
iliocostalis origin
ilium and sacrum
iliocostalis insertion
most of the ribs
Longissimus is the ____ portion of the erector spinae group
middle
Components of longissimus
thoracis
cervicis
capitis
Longissimus origin
transverse processes and sacrum
Longissimus insertion
most of ribs
Spinalis origin
spinous processes of T11-L2
Spinalis insertion
spinous process of thoracic and lower cervical vertebrae
Components of spinalis
thoracis
cervicis
capitis
What are the components of the semispinalis?
thoracis
cervicis
capitis
Semispinalis cervicis origin
T1-4
Semispinalis cervicis insertion
C3-5
Semispinalis capitis origin
T1-6 and C4-7
Semispinalis capitis insertion
between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Multifidus origin
from sacrum and surrounding structures and from transverse processes up to C4, including maxillary processes of lumbar vertebrae
multifidus insertion
on spinous processes C2-L5
Long rotatores span ____ segments
two
Short rotatores span ____ segments
one
