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Anatomy Exam 2: Lectures 8-15 > Lecture 14: Thoracic Osteology and Wall Structure > Flashcards

Lecture 14: Thoracic Osteology and Wall Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the thoracic cage?

A

twelve thoracic vertebrae
twelve pairs of ribs and their costal cartilages
sternum
intercostal muscles

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2
Q

What defines the superior boundary of the thoracic cage?

A

first thoracic vertebrae
first pair of ribs and costal cartilage
manubrium

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3
Q

What defines the inferior boundary of the thoracic cage?

A

twelfth thoracic vertebrae
twelfth pair of ribs and costal cartilages
xiphisternal joint

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4
Q

What does the manubium articulate with?

A

superior aspect of body or sternum at sternal angle

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5
Q

What are the features of the manubrium

A

jugular notch
concave surface for clavicle
concave surface for first rib

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6
Q

What type of joint is the manubriosternal joint?

A

symphysis

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7
Q

When does ossification of the sternum occur?

A

third trimester

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8
Q

What is the xiphoid process?

A

fibrocartilage extension of sternum into abdominal musculature

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9
Q

What does the xiphoid process mark?

A

dermatome 6

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10
Q

What does costa mean?

A

rib bone + its cartilage

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11
Q

What ribs are vertebrosternal?

A

ribs 1-7

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12
Q

What ribs are vetrebrochondral?

A

8-10

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13
Q

What ribs are vertebral (floating)?

A

11-12

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14
Q

What are the parts of a rib?

A 
head
neck
tubercle
shaft 
costal cartilage
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15
Q

What does the tubercle of a rib articulate with?

A

transverse process of vertebra with same number

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16
Q

Why is the first rib important?

A

its relation to nerves of the brachial plexus and subclavian vessels

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17
Q

What is the scalene tubercle?

A

for insertion of scalenus anterior muscle

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18
Q

Where is the shallow groove for the subclavian vein on the first rib?

A

anterior to the tubercle

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19
Q

Where is the shallow groove for subclavian artery on first rib?

A

posterior to tubercle

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20
Q

What spinous process is most prominent?

A

T1

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21
Q

What spinous process is the first process to be palpated

A

C7

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22
Q

Why is T1 atypical?

A

superior costal facet is not a demifacet

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23
Q

Why is T10 atypical?

A

one pair of costal facets located partly on body and partly on pedicle

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24
Q

Why is T11 and T12 atypical?

A

one pair of costal facets located on pedicles

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25
In typical rib articulation, the tubercle articulates with ______
transverse process of same number vertebra
26
What does the sternal angle mark and lie?
marks rib 2 | lies at level of T4-5 IV disc
27
Where can you hear the apex heart beat?
fifth intercostal space along midclavicular line about 8.5 cm from the adult midline
28
Where can you hear the aortic valve heart sound?
at seance intercostal space on right side of sternum
29
Where can you hear the pulmonary valve heart sound?
second intercostal space along the left side of the sternum
30
Where is the tricuspid valve projected?
fifth intercostal space on the right side of the sternum
31
Where is the bicuspid valve heart sound projected?
fifth intercostal space about 10 cm to the left of the sternal midline
32
Where is the bifurcation of the trachea?
between sternal angle and T4/5 vertebral level
33
Where is the scapular spine at?
level of 3rd rib and T2 vertebra
34
Where is the inferior scapular angle at?
level of 7th rib, spine of T7 or the body of T9
35
Where is the superior part of the costal margin marked? | inferior?
superior: 7th cartilage inferior: 10th cartilage
36
What is the infrasternal angle
depression between the infrasternal fossa, important for CPR xiphisternal joint within the fossa is at the level of the body of T9
37
Where is the midsternal line?
in the middle of the sternum
38
Where is the midclavicular line?
in the middle of the clavicles (there are two)
39
Where is the scapular line?
running through the inferior angle of the scapula
40
Where is the anterior axillary line?
projects downward from anterior axillary fold | formed by lower border of pec major
41
Where is the posterior axillary line?
projects downward from posterior axillary fold | formed by tendon of lat dorsi
42
Where is the midaxillary line?
between anterior and posterior axillary line
43
What cutaneously innervates the clavicular and scapular regions of upper thorax?
C3-4
44
What cutaneously innervates the upper thorax?
T1-5
45
What cutaneously innervates the xiphoid process region?
T6
46
What cutaneously innervates the lower parts of thorax and lateral/anterior abdominal wall?
T7-12
47
Pectoralis major origin
Clavicular and stenocostal attachments: ant surface of medial 1/2 of clavicle ant surface of sternum and superior 6 costal cartilages
48
Pectoralis major inseriton
lateral lip of inter tubercular sulcus
49
Pectoralis major blood supply
pectoral branches of thoracoacromial arterial trunk
50
Pectoralis major innervation
lateral and medial pectoral nerves (C5-C8, T1)
51
Pectoralis major actions
adducts and medially rotates humerus draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly via clavicle clavicular portion flexes humerus sternal portion can extend humerus from the flexed position
52
Pectoralis minor origin
3-5 ribs near costal cartilages
53
Pectoralis minor insertion
coracoid process of scapula
54
Pectoralis minor blood supply
pectoral branches of thorachoacromial trunk
55
Pectoralis minor innervation
medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1)
56
Pectoralis minor actions
stabilizes scalpa by pulling it anteriorly and inferiorly against posterior thoracic wall if scapula is fixed- elevates ribs and assists in inspiration
57
Subclavius origin
junction of first rib and its costal cartilage
58
Subclavius insertion
inferior surface of middle third of clavicle
59
Subclavius blood supply
clavicular branch of thoracromial arterial trunk
60
Subclavius innervation
nerve to subclavius (C5,6)
61
Subclavius action
anchors and depresses clavicle
62
Serratus anterior origin
external surfaces of lateral parts of ribs 1-9
63
Serratus anterior insertion
anterior surface of medial borer of scapula
64
Serratus anterior blood supply
superior thoracic and lateral thoracic arteries
65
Serratus anterior innervaton
long thoracic nerve (C5-7)
66
Serratus anterior actions
protracts scapula rotates scapula upwards holds scapula against thorax (prevents winging)
67
What is the pectoral region supplied by?
axillary artery and its branches
68
What does the basilic vein continue as?
axillary vein
69
What does the cephalic vein drain into?
axillary vein
70
Describe the external intercostals
extend from vertebrae posterity to junction of ribs and intercostal cartilages fiber direction is inferiorly and anteriorly ( hands in front pocket)
71
Describe the internal intercostals
begin at lateral edge of sternum and extend toward vertebral column fibers direction is inferiorly and posteriorly (hands in back pocket)
72
Describe the innermost intercostal
incomplete layers with fibers arranged in a more horizontal direction
73
Describe the transverse thoracis
four or five slips that originate form the inferior sternum and extend superolaterally to internal surface of upper ribs
74
What are the contents of the intercostal space?
``` intercostal vein intercostal arteries (posterior and anterior) intercostal nerve ```
75
Where do posterior intercostal arteries 1-2 arise from? 3-12?
1-2: costocervical trunk | 3-12: segmental branches from descending aorta
76
What do posterior intercostal arteries give off?
lateral cutaneous branches
77
What are the anterior intercostal arteries branches of?
internal thoracic
78
What do the anterior intercostal arteries give off?
anterior cutaneous branches
79
The mammary glands are modified ______ glands
sweat
80
Breasts extend from ______ rib superiorly to _____ costal cartilage inferiorly
2-3; 6-7
81
What is the retromammary space?
potential space between breast and pectoral fascia
82
What is the sinus mammarumis?
space between the two glands
83
What is the mammary gland innervated by?
intercostal nerves (4-6)
84
What is the fibrous tela subcutanea?
connective tissue layer surround entire mammary gland
85
What is the fatty tela subcutanea?
adipose tissue deep to fibrous layer
86
What are the suspensory ligament of Cooper?
bundles of collagen fibers in dermis and hypodermis
87
What is the arterial supply to the breast?
anterior perforating arteries medial mammary rami lateral mammary artery lateral mammary rami
88
Where does the nipple, areola and lactiferous lobules drain into?
subareolar lymph node
89
Where does 75% of lymph from breast drain into
axillary lymph nodes
90
Where does the remaining 25% of lymph drain into?
parasternal and abdominal lymph nodes
91
What is the innervation of the breast tissue?
lateral mammary nerve anterior branches of lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerve medial mammary nerve lateral branches of anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves supraclavicular nerves
92
What is polymastia? polythelia?
supernumerary breast or nipples

Anatomy Exam 2: Lectures 8-15 (7 decks)

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