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Body Logistics > Lecture 15: Bone, Bone Marrow And Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Lecture 15: Bone, Bone Marrow And Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 different types of bone in the body?

A
  • long
  • short
  • flat
  • irregular
  • sesamoid
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2
Q

What are the characteristic features of long bones?

A
  • tubular shaft
  • articular surface at each end
  • longer than they are wide
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3
Q

Where are long bones found in the body?

A

Upper limb, lower limbs, fingers, toes

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4
Q

What are the characteristic features of short bones?

A
  • tubular centre
  • articular surface at each end
  • much smaller
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5
Q

Where are short bones found in the body?

A

Carpal bones in the wrist, tarsal bones in the feet

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6
Q

What are the characteristic features of flat bones?

A
  • thin

- broad surfaces

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7
Q

Where are flat bones found in the body?

A
  • scapula
  • ribs
  • sternum
  • pelvic bones
  • bones in skull
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8
Q

What are the characteristic features of irregular bones?

A

Irregular in size and shape

Usually quite compact

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9
Q

Where are irregular bones found in the body?

A

Bones in vertebral column and sacrum

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10
Q

What are the characteristic features of sesamoid bones?

A

Sesame seed / pea shaped

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11
Q

Where are sesamoid bones found?

A

Patella, usually within tendons

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12
Q

What are the constituents of bone marrow?

A
  • hematopoietic cells
  • marrow adipose tissue
  • supportive stromal cells
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13
Q

What is the function of bone marrow?

A

Primary site of new blood cell production

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14
Q

What are the 3 major groups of blood vessels?

A
  1. Arteries and arterioles
  2. Capillaries
  3. Veins and venues
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15
Q

What are the functions of arterioles?

A

Control of blood flow to specific regions of the body and control of central blood pressure

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16
Q

What is the function of the brachiocephalic trunk?

A

Supplies blood to head, neck and upper limbs

17
Q

What are the functions of carotid arteries?

A

Supplies blood to head and neck

18
Q

What are the functions of the subclavian arteries?

A

Supply blood to upper limbs

19
Q

What are the functions of the iliac arteries?

A

Supply blood to lower limbs

20
Q

What are the functions of pulmonary arteries?

A

Carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to capillaries that lie adjacent to alveoli in the lungs to allow efficient gaseous exchanged

21
Q

What is the structure of conducting arteries?

A
  • largest arteries in the body

- elastic arteries because they contain a lot of collagen and elastin fibres, allowing them to stretch

22
Q

What is the function of conducting arteries?

A
  • transport blood away from the heart towards medium sized arteries
23
Q

What is the structure of distributing arteries?

A
  • medium sized
  • muscular arteries
  • contain smooth muscle cells
24
Q

What is the function of distributing arteries?

A

Maintain the size of the vessel lumen through muscle contraction, maintaining the flow to arterioles and capillaries

25
Q

What is the structure of capillaries?

A

Smallest blood vessels

26
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

Where all exchanges that occur between the tissues of the body and blood occur, depending on permeability profile

27
Q

What is the 3 layers of venule walls?

A
  1. Inner endothelium made of squamous endothelial cells that act as permeable membrane
  2. Middle layer of muscle and elastic tissue
  3. Outer layer of fibrous connective tissue
28
Q

What is the function of venules?

A

Conduct blood returning from capillary beds and drain into medium sized and larger veins

29
Q

What is the structure of veins?

A

Blood vessels less muscular than arteries, closer to the skin

30
Q

What is the function of veins?

A

Carry blood toward heart (deoxygenated except pulmonary and umbilical veins that carry oxygenated)

31
Q

What is the function of valves in veins?

A
  • prevent back flow, to control blood pressure and ensure unidirectional flow
32
Q

What is the function of the vena canvae?

A

Conduct blood directly into the right atrium of the heart

33
Q

What is the function of the femoral and iliac veins?

A

Conduct deoxygenated blood from lower limbs to the inferior vena cava

34
Q

What is the function of internal and external jugular veins?

A

Conduct blood from head to superior vena cava

35
Q

What is the function of innominate veins?

A

Conduct deoxygenated blood from neck to superior vena cava

36
Q

What is the function of subclavian veins?

A

Conduct deoxygenated blood from upper limbs to superior vena cava

37
Q

What is the structure of portal venous system?

A

2 capillary beds joined together by a series of veins or venules

Body Logistics (21 decks)

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