Lecture 15: Bone, Bone Marrow And Blood Vessels Flashcards
What are the 5 different types of bone in the body?
- long
- short
- flat
- irregular
- sesamoid
What are the characteristic features of long bones?
- tubular shaft
- articular surface at each end
- longer than they are wide
Where are long bones found in the body?
Upper limb, lower limbs, fingers, toes
What are the characteristic features of short bones?
- tubular centre
- articular surface at each end
- much smaller
Where are short bones found in the body?
Carpal bones in the wrist, tarsal bones in the feet
What are the characteristic features of flat bones?
- thin
- broad surfaces
Where are flat bones found in the body?
- scapula
- ribs
- sternum
- pelvic bones
- bones in skull
What are the characteristic features of irregular bones?
Irregular in size and shape
Usually quite compact
Where are irregular bones found in the body?
Bones in vertebral column and sacrum
What are the characteristic features of sesamoid bones?
Sesame seed / pea shaped
Where are sesamoid bones found?
Patella, usually within tendons
What are the constituents of bone marrow?
- hematopoietic cells
- marrow adipose tissue
- supportive stromal cells
What is the function of bone marrow?
Primary site of new blood cell production
What are the 3 major groups of blood vessels?
- Arteries and arterioles
- Capillaries
- Veins and venues
What are the functions of arterioles?
Control of blood flow to specific regions of the body and control of central blood pressure
What is the function of the brachiocephalic trunk?
Supplies blood to head, neck and upper limbs
What are the functions of carotid arteries?
Supplies blood to head and neck
What are the functions of the subclavian arteries?
Supply blood to upper limbs
What are the functions of the iliac arteries?
Supply blood to lower limbs
What are the functions of pulmonary arteries?
Carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to capillaries that lie adjacent to alveoli in the lungs to allow efficient gaseous exchanged
What is the structure of conducting arteries?
- largest arteries in the body
- elastic arteries because they contain a lot of collagen and elastin fibres, allowing them to stretch
What is the function of conducting arteries?
- transport blood away from the heart towards medium sized arteries
What is the structure of distributing arteries?
- medium sized
- muscular arteries
- contain smooth muscle cells
What is the function of distributing arteries?
Maintain the size of the vessel lumen through muscle contraction, maintaining the flow to arterioles and capillaries
What is the structure of capillaries?
Smallest blood vessels
What is the function of capillaries?
Where all exchanges that occur between the tissues of the body and blood occur, depending on permeability profile
What is the 3 layers of venule walls?
- Inner endothelium made of squamous endothelial cells that act as permeable membrane
- Middle layer of muscle and elastic tissue
- Outer layer of fibrous connective tissue
What is the function of venules?
Conduct blood returning from capillary beds and drain into medium sized and larger veins
What is the structure of veins?
Blood vessels less muscular than arteries, closer to the skin
What is the function of veins?
Carry blood toward heart (deoxygenated except pulmonary and umbilical veins that carry oxygenated)
What is the function of valves in veins?
- prevent back flow, to control blood pressure and ensure unidirectional flow
What is the function of the vena canvae?
Conduct blood directly into the right atrium of the heart
What is the function of the femoral and iliac veins?
Conduct deoxygenated blood from lower limbs to the inferior vena cava
What is the function of internal and external jugular veins?
Conduct blood from head to superior vena cava
What is the function of innominate veins?
Conduct deoxygenated blood from neck to superior vena cava
What is the function of subclavian veins?
Conduct deoxygenated blood from upper limbs to superior vena cava
What is the structure of portal venous system?
2 capillary beds joined together by a series of veins or venules
