Lecture 15: Bone, Bone Marrow And Blood Vessels Flashcards
What are the 5 different types of bone in the body?
- long
- short
- flat
- irregular
- sesamoid
What are the characteristic features of long bones?
- tubular shaft
- articular surface at each end
- longer than they are wide
Where are long bones found in the body?
Upper limb, lower limbs, fingers, toes
What are the characteristic features of short bones?
- tubular centre
- articular surface at each end
- much smaller
Where are short bones found in the body?
Carpal bones in the wrist, tarsal bones in the feet
What are the characteristic features of flat bones?
- thin
- broad surfaces
Where are flat bones found in the body?
- scapula
- ribs
- sternum
- pelvic bones
- bones in skull
What are the characteristic features of irregular bones?
Irregular in size and shape
Usually quite compact
Where are irregular bones found in the body?
Bones in vertebral column and sacrum
What are the characteristic features of sesamoid bones?
Sesame seed / pea shaped
Where are sesamoid bones found?
Patella, usually within tendons
What are the constituents of bone marrow?
- hematopoietic cells
- marrow adipose tissue
- supportive stromal cells
What is the function of bone marrow?
Primary site of new blood cell production
What are the 3 major groups of blood vessels?
- Arteries and arterioles
- Capillaries
- Veins and venues
What are the functions of arterioles?
Control of blood flow to specific regions of the body and control of central blood pressure
What is the function of the brachiocephalic trunk?
Supplies blood to head, neck and upper limbs
What are the functions of carotid arteries?
Supplies blood to head and neck
What are the functions of the subclavian arteries?
Supply blood to upper limbs
What are the functions of the iliac arteries?
Supply blood to lower limbs
What are the functions of pulmonary arteries?
Carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to capillaries that lie adjacent to alveoli in the lungs to allow efficient gaseous exchanged
What is the structure of conducting arteries?
- largest arteries in the body
- elastic arteries because they contain a lot of collagen and elastin fibres, allowing them to stretch
What is the function of conducting arteries?
- transport blood away from the heart towards medium sized arteries
What is the structure of distributing arteries?
- medium sized
- muscular arteries
- contain smooth muscle cells
What is the function of distributing arteries?
Maintain the size of the vessel lumen through muscle contraction, maintaining the flow to arterioles and capillaries
