Lecture 15

Question 1

What theory says the cover and transition slide over the body producing a mucosal wavelike progression?

Answer 1

Hirano Body-Cover Theory

Question 2

What are the 3 layers of the 3 mass model?

Answer 2

1) cover
2) lamina propria
3) body

Question 3

The epithelium layer is the _____ rigid and most ___________

Answer 3

Least; superficial

Question 4

The vocalis muscle/body layer is the ____ rigid and the most ______.

Answer 4

Most; deep

Question 5

Which two layers is the vocal ligament between?

Answer 5

Intermediate and deep

Question 6

Which section isn’t included in the mucosa?

Answer 6

Vocalis muscle/body

Question 7

Frequency is equal to the _______ of times the ____ ____ open and close per _______

Answer 7

Number; vocal folds; second

Question 8

What is the average F0 for the following?
Men =
Women =
Children =

Answer 8

125 Hz
200 Hz
300 Hz

Question 9

If you want to raise frequency you have to either increase _______ or decrease _____

Answer 9

Tension; mass

Question 10

Both greater mass and greater length of VFs result in a ____ f0

Answer 10

Lower

Question 11

What 3 muscles are pitch raising?

Answer 11

1) CT
2) TA - vocalis
3) LCA

Question 12

How does the LCA raise pitch?

Answer 12

Medial compression, decreases the amount of mass that participates in phonation

Question 13

How do you raise the frequency? (2)

Answer 13

1) Lengthen focal folds

2) increase internal tension

Question 14

How does lengthening VFs Raise frequency? (2)

Answer 14

1) decrease mass

2) increase tension

Question 15

How do you increase internal tension of the VFs?

Answer 15

Contract the TA vocalis isometrically

Question 16

1 cmH2O change in subglottal pressure causes a __-__ Hz change in F0

Answer 16

3-5 Hz

Question 17

Ther are no active muscle maneuvers that have been linked to ____ _________

Answer 17

Pitch lowering

Question 18

It has been argued that the ____________ contraction flowers f0

Answer 18

Thyroarytenoid

Question 19

Gradual pitch lowering is correlated with reduction in ________ ______ but this is not necessarily a ______ relation

Answer 19

Subglottal pressure; causal

Question 20

Musical scales are organized into ______

Answer 20

Octaves

Question 21

An octave is a frequency ratio of __ to __

Answer 21

2 to 1

Question 22

An octave is dived into __ tones

Answer 22

6

Question 23

Each tone is a frequency ratio of _____ to __

Answer 23

1.122 to 1

Question 24

Each tone is divided into __ ________

Answer 24

2 semi-tones

Question 25

Each semi-tone is a frequency ratio of _____ to __

Answer 25

1.059 to 1

Question 26

Each octave spans __ notes, __ full tones and __ semi-tones

Answer 26

8, 5, 2

Question 27

Middle C = __

Answer 27

C4

Question 28

A4 = ____ Hz, and is the __________ standard

Answer 28

440, international

Question 29

Which voice register is pulsed phonation, unusual, and low perceived frequency?

Answer 29

Glottal fry

Question 30

Which voice register is also called the chest register, normally I used, not too high or low?

Answer 30

Normal/modal

Question 31

Which voice register is high pitch, and unusual in speech

Answer 31

Falsetto

Question 32

In source filter theory, the source means ____ ___ _______, and filter means __________ _____

Answer 32

Vocal fold vibration; supraglottal structures

Question 33

Voice changes are due to rapid growth of the ______ during ______, and is usually an ______ in males and about __-___ tones in females

Answer 33

Larynx; puberty; octave; 2-3

Question 34

Loudness is a _________ phenomen because you can’t __________ measure it

Answer 34

Perceptual; physcially

Question 35

Changes in loudness are __________ to changes in _________ pressure

Answer 35

Proportional; subglottal

Question 36

What are the two ways to increase subglottal pressure?

Answer 36

1) respiratory activity | 2) larungeal activity

Question 37

We typically inhale a larger ______ of ___ for louder speech

Answer 37

Volume of air

Question 38

As glottal resistance increases the ___ the glottis is open during vibration (aka ___ ______) ________ and the glottis closes more _____

Answer 38

Time; open quotient; decreases; rapidly

Question 39

Open quotient + ______ ____/____ ____

Answer 39

Glottis open/total cycle

Question 40

Speed quotient = time of _______ movement/time of ______ movement

Answer 40

Lateral/medial

Question 41

Pitch is primarily affected by _____ changes and secondarily by _________ changes, and Vice verses for ________

Answer 41

Larungeal; respiratory; loudness

Question 42

Jitter is cycle to cycle ________ perturbations (________)

Answer 42

Frequency; variability

Question 43

Shimmer is cycle to cycle ________ perturbations

Answer 43

Amplitude

Question 44

Shimmer and jitter are perceived as _______ or ______

Answer 44

Unstable or irregular

Question 45

What is purposeful and controlled variation in frequency and intensity in singing called?

Answer 45

Vibrato