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Speech A+P Exam 2 > Lecture 15 > Flashcards

Lecture 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What theory says the cover and transition slide over the body producing a mucosal wavelike progression?

A

Hirano Body-Cover Theory

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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of the 3 mass model?

A

1) cover
2) lamina propria
3) body

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3
Q

The epithelium layer is the _____ rigid and most ___________

A

Least; superficial

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4
Q

The vocalis muscle/body layer is the ____ rigid and the most ______.

A

Most; deep

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5
Q

Which two layers is the vocal ligament between?

A

Intermediate and deep

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6
Q

Which section isn’t included in the mucosa?

A

Vocalis muscle/body

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7
Q

Frequency is equal to the _______ of times the ____ ____ open and close per _______

A

Number; vocal folds; second

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8
Q

What is the average F0 for the following?
Men =
Women =
Children =

A

125 Hz
200 Hz
300 Hz

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9
Q

If you want to raise frequency you have to either increase _______ or decrease _____

A

Tension; mass

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10
Q

Both greater mass and greater length of VFs result in a ____ f0

A

Lower

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11
Q

What 3 muscles are pitch raising?

A

1) CT
2) TA - vocalis
3) LCA

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12
Q

How does the LCA raise pitch?

A

Medial compression, decreases the amount of mass that participates in phonation

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13
Q

How do you raise the frequency? (2)

A

1) Lengthen focal folds

2) increase internal tension

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14
Q

How does lengthening VFs Raise frequency? (2)

A

1) decrease mass

2) increase tension

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15
Q

How do you increase internal tension of the VFs?

A

Contract the TA vocalis isometrically

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16
Q

1 cmH2O change in subglottal pressure causes a __-__ Hz change in F0

A

3-5 Hz

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17
Q

Ther are no active muscle maneuvers that have been linked to ____ _________

A

Pitch lowering

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18
Q

It has been argued that the ____________ contraction flowers f0

A

Thyroarytenoid

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19
Q

Gradual pitch lowering is correlated with reduction in ________ ______ but this is not necessarily a ______ relation

A

Subglottal pressure; causal

20
Q

Musical scales are organized into ______

A

Octaves

21
Q

An octave is a frequency ratio of __ to __

A

2 to 1

22
Q

An octave is dived into __ tones

A

6

23
Q

Each tone is a frequency ratio of _____ to __

A

1.122 to 1

24
Q

Each tone is divided into __ ________

A

2 semi-tones

25
Q

Each semi-tone is a frequency ratio of _____ to __

A

1.059 to 1

26
Q

Each octave spans __ notes, __ full tones and __ semi-tones

A

8, 5, 2

27
Q

Middle C = __

A

C4

28
Q

A4 = ____ Hz, and is the __________ standard

A

440, international

29
Q

Which voice register is pulsed phonation, unusual, and low perceived frequency?

A

Glottal fry

30
Q

Which voice register is also called the chest register, normally I used, not too high or low?

A

Normal/modal

31
Q

Which voice register is high pitch, and unusual in speech

A

Falsetto

32
Q

In source filter theory, the source means ____ ___ _______, and filter means __________ _____

A

Vocal fold vibration; supraglottal structures

33
Q

Voice changes are due to rapid growth of the ______ during ______, and is usually an ______ in males and about __-___ tones in females

A

Larynx; puberty; octave; 2-3

34
Q

Loudness is a _________ phenomen because you can’t __________ measure it

A

Perceptual; physcially

35
Q

Changes in loudness are __________ to changes in _________ pressure

A

Proportional; subglottal

36
Q

What are the two ways to increase subglottal pressure?

A

1) respiratory activity

2) larungeal activity

37
Q

We typically inhale a larger ______ of ___ for louder speech

A

Volume of air

38
Q

As glottal resistance increases the ___ the glottis is open during vibration (aka ___ ______) ________ and the glottis closes more _____

A

Time; open quotient; decreases; rapidly

39
Q

Open quotient + ______ ____/____ ____

A

Glottis open/total cycle

40
Q

Speed quotient = time of _______ movement/time of ______ movement

A

Lateral/medial

41
Q

Pitch is primarily affected by _____ changes and secondarily by _________ changes, and Vice verses for ________

A

Larungeal; respiratory; loudness

42
Q

Jitter is cycle to cycle ________ perturbations (________)

A

Frequency; variability

43
Q

Shimmer is cycle to cycle ________ perturbations

A

Amplitude

44
Q

Shimmer and jitter are perceived as _______ or ______

A

Unstable or irregular

45
Q

What is purposeful and controlled variation in frequency and intensity in singing called?

A

Vibrato

Speech A+P Exam 2 (6 decks)

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