Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology Exam 2 > Lecture 15 > Flashcards

Lecture 15 Flashcards

Nervous Tissue

1
Q

What cellular structure holds the nucleus?

A

Cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the extensions off the cell body called?

A

Dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the origin of the axon, where the AP is generated?

A

Axon hillock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the axon

A
  • usually one per neuron
  • VG channels, AP
  • mitochondria and MT
  • no nissel bodies, Golgi or RER.
  • terminates in telodendrites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the pathway to the CNS called?

A

Afferent or sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the pathway away from the CNS called?

What are its divisions?

A
  • Efferent, motor
  • Somatic - goes to skeletal m
  • Autonomic - goes to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

_____ is completely contained in the CNS.

A

Interneuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Neurons can be named on number of processes.

1) Multipolar
2) Bipolar
3) Pseudounipolar

A

1) Single axon, multiple dendrites
2) 2 processes, (at each end of cell body) - special senses
3) single process form cell body that bifurcates towards CNS and out to periphery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Neurons can be named based on length of axon:

1) Golgi I
2) Golgi II

A

1) long axons leaving grey matter

2) Short axons, ramify thru grey matter (so they don’t leave it)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

1) _____ is a bundle of axons in PNS
2) _____ is a bundle of axons in CNS
3) _____ is an aggregation of cell bodies and dendrites in the PNS.
4) _____ is an aggregation of cell bodies and dendrites in the CNS.

A

1) Nerve
2) Tract
3) Gaglion
4) Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

1) What surrounds entire nerve?
2) What surrounds fascicles?
3) What surrounds the individual fibers and Schwann cells?

A

1) Epineurium
- type 1 collagen
2) Perineurium
- dense CT
- fibroblast are connected via tight jxns (zona occuludens)
- blood nerve barrier also linked by tight junctions
3) Endoneurium
- type 3 collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 4 membrane specializations of neurons?

A

Receptors, ion channels, presynaptic membrane and postsynaptic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What direction is anterograde transport?

What organelle is involved?

A

Cell body toward distal end of axon

- Kinesin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What direction is retrograde transport?

What organelle is involved?

A

Axon toward cell body

- dynein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

1) What are glial cells, where are they derived from, and what are the types?

A

Glial cells = non-neuronal, support/”glue” cells; support fxns in both CNS and PNS

  • derived from embryonic neural crest (except for microglia)
  • Astrocytes
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Schwann cells
  • Microglial cells
  • Ependymal cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which is the only glial cell that does not derive from embryonic neural crest tissue?

A

Microglia

17
Q

Astrocytes are found only in _____. They provide ____ support and are associated with the _____ barrier.

A
  • CNS
  • structural
  • blood-brain
  • they mediate exchange of nutrients b/w blood and neurons
  • their end feet form glia limitans
18
Q

What cells myelinate axons in CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

19
Q

What cells myelinate axons in PNS?

A

Schwann cells

20
Q

Where do microglial cells derive from and what is their function?

A
  • from bone marrow (from macrophage precursors - monocytes)

- phagocytic in CNS

21
Q

In the choroid plexus, what are the main cells that secrete CSF?

A

Ependymal cells

  • ciliated cuboidal cells
  • line ventricular system of CNS
  • fxn in transport
  • derive from neuroepithelium
22
Q

Satellite cells fxn as ____ and form moons/crescents around cell bodies in _____.

A

Insulators

Ganglia (outside of CNS)

23
Q

Process of myelination in PNS:

1) ____ cell plasma memb wraps around axon, cytoplasm squeezed out leaving behind ____ layers of fat around the axon.
2) ____ line is b/w adjacent outer leaflets
3) ___ line is b/w adjacent inner leaflets
4) Schimdt-Lanterman clefts (incisures) are areas of residual cytoplasm within ____ line.

A

1) Schwann; concentric
2) Intraperiod
3) Major dense
4) major dense

24
Q

1) ______ protein is found in both PNS and CNS and is associated with inner leaflets and the _____ line.
2) _____ = transmembrane prtn that forms homodimers and is found only in the PNS. It is associated with ____ line.

A

1) Myelin basic prtn; major dense line

2) Myelin protein zero; intraperiod line

25
Q

Presynaptic membrane contains:

  • VG ____ channels
  • _____ bind synaptic vesicles to presynaptic memb
  • _____ proteins are SNAP receptors
A
  • Ca+2
  • SNAPs
  • vesicle docking proteins
26
Q 
Axosomatic: axon to?
Axoaxonic: axon to? 
Axodendritic: axon to? 
Axospinous: axon to? 
Excitatory is more \_\_\_\_ 
Inhibitory is more \_\_\_\_\_
A
  • Cell body
  • Axon
  • dendrite
  • dendritic spine
  • positive
  • negative
27
Q

Superficial to deep order:

Bone–> ____ space –> ____ mater —> ___ space with venous sinus —-> ____ with vili and trabeculae –> ____ mater.

A
  • epidural space
  • dura
  • subdural
  • arachnoid
  • pia
28
Q

What is considered the periosteum of the cranial cavity (lines the cranial vault bones)?

A

Dura mater

  • tough, thick sheet of dense fibrous CT
  • also forms CT tube around spinal cord
  • not tightly attached
29
Q

What attaches the arachnoid to the underlying pia mater?

A

Arachnoid trabeculae

30
Q

What is the space that holds the CSF?

A

Arachnoid space

31
Q

Which mater would cause damage to brain or spinal cord if removed?

A

Pia mater, bc it is a very delicate sheet of CT directly attached on the surfaces

32
Q

What is the highly infolded simple cuboidal epithelium that extends into ventricles from roof plate?
What are its cuboidal cells linked by?

A
  • Choroid plexus

- tight junctions — form CSF-barrier

33
Q

What structure is a layer of simple cuboidal epithelium that lines the ventricular walls of the brain?
What are its cells linked by?

A
  • Ependyma
  • zona adherens
  • ** in contact with astrocytic processes taht form glia limitans – part of the blood-brain barrier
34
Q

What are also tightly linked to teh ependyma, that sends processes through the glia limitans forming end-foot processes on BV?

A

Tanycytes

35
Q

What type of ganglia contains pseudounipolar neurons, myelinated post-ganglionic axons, and satellite cells that form a single layer around each neuron?

A

Sensory, dorsal root ganglia

36
Q

What type of ganglia contains multipolar neurons, unmyelinated post-ganglionic axons, and not very many satellite cells?

A

Autonomic ganglia

Histology Exam 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions