Lecture 12

Question 1

Plasma = Blood minus \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Serum = Plasma minus \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 1

• formed elements

- blood-clotting elements

Question 2

In centrifuged blood what is the supernatant? Buffy coat? Precipitate?

Answer 2

Supernatant = plasma (fluid part)
Buffy coat = leukocytes (very thin)
Precipitate = sedimented RBCs (formed elements)

Question 3

What are the 3 blood prtns? Where do they come from and what is their fxn?

Answer 3

1) Fibrinogens
- made in liver
- fxn in blood clotting
- target thrombin

2) Albumins
- made in liver
- exert major osmotic P on BV walls – helps cntrl what moves in and out of BV

3) Globulins
- Aby’s made in B lymphocytes (plasma cells)

Question 4

What is the only blood prtn not made in the liver?

Answer 4

Globulins

Question 5

Blood cells are divided into what 3 major groups?

Answer 5

1) Erythrocytes (RBCs)
2) Leukocytes (WBCs)
3) Megakaryocytes —-> platelets (clotting)

Question 6

WBCs divided into what?

Answer 6

1) Agranulocytes
- monocytes
- lymphocytes

2) Granulocytes
- neutrophils
- basophils
- eosinophils

Question 7

What are the characteristics of RBCs?

1) Yes or no organelles
2) Major contents
3) what are the two peripheral prtns?

Answer 7

1) No organelles or nucleus — plasma membrane (PM) and associated prtns are easily isolated
2) Lipids, ATP, Hemoglobin**
3) Spectrin, actin, ankyrin

Question 8

What peripheral prtn of the RBC is a major structural prtn of the actin-binding family that is a tetramer?

Answer 8

Spectrin

- 2 polypeptide chains with ends associated with short-actin filaments creating spectrin actin network

Question 9

What is the primary determinant of cell shape?

Answer 9

Cortical cytoskeleton

Question 10

What links spectrin-actin network to the plasma membrane?

Answer 10

Ankyrin

Question 11

Neutrophils:

1) How many nuclear lobes?
2) _______ phagocytes
3) what size and type of secretion from granules?
4) Circulation time?
5) how long do they live after leaving circulation

Answer 11

PMNs = polynuclear leukocytes
1) 3-5
2) ameboid
3) small nuclear granules that release lysozymes and proteases
4) 10-12 hours
5) 1-2 days
they also secrete enz that destroy bacteria by forming free radicals

Question 12

Which WBC is responsible for the inflammatory response?

What type of granules does it possess?

Answer 12

1) Basophils
2) large membrane bound basophilic granules that contain vasoactive substances — serotonin, heparin and kalikrein
- the leukotreines increase vascular permeability and responsive for inflammatory response
- bilobed nucleus

Question 13

Which WBC is responsible for the allergic response?

What type of granules does it possess?

Answer 13

1) Eosinophils
2) Major basic prtn (MBP) prtns that release HISTAMINE, peroxidases (antibacterial) and cationic prtns (anti-parasitic)
reddish color
-bilobed nucleus

Question 14

Which WBC’s nucleus fills most of the cell?

Answer 14

Lymphocytes
- large round nucleus fills most of cell
- various sizes represent maturity level
- B-lymphocytes = precursor to plasma cells
- T-lymphocytes = T cells
about same size as other WBCs

Question 15

What WBC is the largest leukocyte and is a precursor to both macrophages and osteoclasts?

Answer 15

Monocytes

- eccentrically located kidney-shaped nucleus

Question 16

What the cell products from megakaryocytes called?

1) what do they promote?
2) what decreases the number of these?

Answer 16

• Platelets
  1) blood clotting
• increase aggregation by RFs, form platelet plug
  2) prostacyclin

Question 17

What stimulates the formation of a platelet plug?

Answer 17

Damage to the endothelium of BV exposing the COLLAGEN fibers

Question 18

What is the Selectin phase of leukocyte extravasation?

Answer 18

• P-selectin is on the cell surface of leukocytes when endothelial cells activated by inflammatory signal
• binding of oligosaccharide ligand (on leukocytes) to the CRDs (carb recogn domains) on P-selectins causes leukocytes to roll along endothelium

Question 19

What is the Integrin phase of leukocyte extravasation?

Answer 19

Integrins interact with Ig superfamilies, VCAM, ICAM, and endothelial ligands which causes transendothelial migration of leukocytes

Question 20

What causes erythroblastosis fetalis?

Answer 20

• Hemolytic dz causes by incompatibility b/w mom and fetal blood
• fetus inherits antigenic determinant that is foreign to the mom –> D-AT = major cause of Rh incompatibility
• mom is Rh(-) and baby is Rh (+)

Question 21

What are erythroblastosis fetalis sx?

Answer 21

Hemolytic anemia
hypoxic injury to liver and heart
jaundice
hyperbilirrubinemia

Question 22

Membrane bone has two layers of ____ bone enclosed by a single layer of ____ bone.

Answer 22

• compact bone

- spongy