Lecture 15 3/18/14 Flashcards
Lymphatic Vessels
work much like circular system. Capillaries drain into much larger lymphatic vessels which drain into the venous system.
Lymph
fluid resembling plasma
Lymphatic Organ
contains a large number of lymphocytes. Lymphatic organ is spleen, thymus, tonsils.
Lymph Nodes
bean shaped structures located along the lymphatic vessels. Filters fluids.
Lymphatic Flow
Components of plasma from blood capillaries enter into the interstitial spaces. The fluid is now called interstitial tissue fluid. -> This fluid now enters small lymphatic channels and is called lymph -> then travels to lymph nodes -> then to larger lymphatic vessels.
Lower Body Drainage
Into the cisterna chyli - a expanded lymph chamber located in front of the 2nd lumbar vertebra. Consider it like a cul de sac.
Flow for the Thoracic Duct
Thoracic duct will bring everything from the lower extremity, it will drain everything below the diaphragm from both sides. Everything from the left chest cavity, arm, neck, head, drain into the thoracic duct will then drain into the left subclavian vein.
Movement of the Body and Respiration causes what?
cause the fluid to be pumped back up into the subclavian vein. Breathing in and out, helps increase and decrease thoracic pressure to help the fluid back up to the left subclavian vein.
Right Side Lymphatic Duct
Above the diaphragm. Right Thoracic Cage. Controls lymphatic drainage to the right side head, neck, chest, upper extremity. Drains this fluid into the right subclavian vein.
Lymph Node Structure
fluid flows from up above. Called afferent lymphatic vessels entering the node. Efferent vessels leaving the node. Can only go in one direction. Trabecula or dividers to go through to enter the center and exit the other side. So the inflow goes through and get filtered before going into the terminal.
Hilum
Where everything exits out of the liver
Lymphatic Organs
Spleen
Thymus Gland
Tonsils
Spleen Description
size of your fist. Upper Left Cavity. Largest mass of lymphatic tissue. If your spleen is gone, the liver takes over the spleen’s job.
White Pulp
lymphoid tissue, surrounded by arteries. These clusters of lymphocytes are called splenic modules or malpighian corpuscles where we have a large amount of White Blood Cell concentration.
Red Pulp
venous sinuses filled with blood and cords of splenic tissue, called Splenic or billroth cords. They are around the perimeter. Tissue is more uniform in color and texture. Fills in remaining area around the white pulp. Have lots of Red Blood Cell concentration.
Spleen Function
Phagocytic. Lots of White Blood cells that mature in the spleen. Important in Proper Immune System Function and Development. Properly identifying self and foreign. Involved in breaking down red blood cells and platelets. Also produces plasma cells and involved in maturation of lymphocytes. Also release blood into Cardiovascular System during periods of low blood volume.
Thymus Gland
involved in maturation of immature T cells from the bone marrow. Immunocompetent tissue. Shrinks when we get older. Fewer antigens. Mature in Thymus.
Location of Thymus Gland
Inferior and Superior to Heart
Tonsils
Masses of lymphoid tissue embedded in mucous membrane. Contain macrophages that clean up bacteria and foreign debris. Part of the immune system.
Pharyngeal
adenoids in nasopharynx. Above palate. Can be removed. Back of nasal cavity to breathe air in.
Palantine
between palatine arches. Part of Immune system. Will not see the adenoids. Can also be removed. Back of the mouth to bring in food and water.
Lingual
at base of tongue. Never remove and never gets enlarged. Secondary, assist the palatine tonsils.
Active Immunity
occurs after exposure to an antigen. Vaccination is a form of active immunity. Attenuated vaccinations.
Passive Immunity
transferred antibodies to another person. Getting something from somebody else. Breast Feeding is an example. Boost baby’s immune system. Rhogam is another example.
Non Specific Diseases
Physical Barriers
Phagocytic Cells
NK Cells
Interferon
Compliment System
Fever
Inflammation
Physical Barriers
Infection with burn patients. Skin, mucus membranes provide a potent powerful barrier that’s inside us and outside us.