Lecture 10 2/27/14 Flashcards
Another Name for Mitral Valve
Bicuspid Valve
Aortic Valve
Semilunar Valve, more simplistic than the AV Valves
Coronary Sulcus
spaces or grooves in between the atria and the ventricles. Some coronary arteries reside in the depressions.
Interventricular Sulcus
Between Ventricles.
Depressions between the left and right ventricles
One in the front and one in the back
Papillary Muscles
Little muscles that project off the walls of the inside of the ventricles.
Chordae Tendinae
Coming off of the papillary muscles. Tendinous chords go up to the edges of the valve cusps.
They are tendinous chords that connect the papillary muscles to the edges of the av valve cusps.
Tricuspid Valves
There are three of the valve cusps
What happens when the ventricles contract?
those cusps edges, fill up together, sealing the opening, so no blood can go back up in the opposite direction. The valve is a one way valve.
Regurgitation
is when blood goes in the opposite direction bc the valves and valve cusps can’t come together. It’s not a good thing. Decreasing the efficiency of the heart
What are Papillary Muscles
Muscular columns that attach to the chordae tendinae, that contract when the heart muscle contracts.
Trabecula Carnae Coronary
Meat struts of the heart that stabilizes the blood before we contract and push it back out. Only in the ventricles.
The function of the Trabecula is to keep the blood from sludging or sloshing around. We only have a certain amount of time between each ventricular contraction. It stabilizes it before the next contraction and then to eject it to the opposite direction.
So it stops it, stabilizes before we contract it and push it back out. Only happening in the ventricles. So it stabilize blood entering the ventricles before it is ejected upon contraction.
Artery Circulation
The hearts blood supply
Coronary Arteries
only arteries that fill only when the heart muscles is relaxed.
First vessels off of the aorta in regards to the left and right coronary artery
2 Main Coronary Arteries
They are the left and right coronary arteries. There are two branches off of each of the main coronary arteries
Two Main Branches of the Left Coronary Artery
The Circumflex Branch and Anterior Interventricular Branch.
Which coronary artery is which?
Recognized by the pulmonary trunk, which sets right in front. So the one that goes to the left of the pulmonary trunk, will be the left, and the one that goes to the right of the pulmonary trunk is going to the right.
Circumflex Branch
wrap around the left side between the atria and ventricle and supplies blood to that space.
Left Anterior Descending or Anterior Interventricular Branch
more commonly affected artery, supply the anterior wall of the heart.
More commonly affected arteries in cardiovascular disease. If you block this vessel, it lies in between the left and right ventricles, so it’s gonna supply the anterior wall of the heart, the anterior left and right ventricles, you can end up killing or causing an infarction of both of the sides, and that will kill you.
Right Coronary Artery
to the right of the pulmonary trunk. Two main branches.
It’s got a little branch coming down along the anterior inferior aspect of the right ventricle called the Marginal branch.
So it covers the anterior inferior right ventricle.
What does it mean to be Right Heart Dominant
the marginal is larger than the anterior descending and sends a branch that comes way over to the left ventricle. An example of an anomaly.
Coronary Veins
job is to pick up the blood and send it back to the heart. Everything leaves the heart, via the Aorta, and has to come back to the heart, via the Coronary Sinus.
Where does the return to? And by what?
The Right atrium is where the blood returns via the coronary sinus.
Great Cardiac Vein
runs along the anterior interventricular sulcus
Middle Cardiac Vein
runs along the posterior interventricular sulcus.
Both Great and Middle Cardiac Veins drain together into what?
Coronary Sinus
Cardiac Conduction System
Cardiac Muscle will contract on it’s own without or despite neural stimulation
Refractory Period of Cardiac Muscle vs. Skeletal Muscle
Refractory Period in cardiac muscle tissue is much longer than skeletal muscle tissue.
There’s a lot of Calcium associated with Cardiac muscle tissue.
The T-Tubules are larger in diameter. They have a lot of negatively charged polysaccharides that help to bind and keep Calcium in that area, so it doesn’t leak away.
SA Node is known as what?
Sinoatrial Node and it is known as the Pacemaker
Depolarization is what again?
is the opening of the sodium gates.
Cardiac Muscle vs. Skeletal Muscle Description
Cardiac has the same Sodium Gates as the Skeletal Muscle Tissue. Steep slope represents the Fast Sodium Gates and then the Repolarization. But what’s in the Cardiac Muscle Tissue that isn’t in Skeletal Muscle Tissue is another set of gates, that represents Slow Calcium Gates that open and close.
Overlapping of the Sodium and Calcium gates that significantly increases our Repolarization time and thus our refractory period. So what that means is we should not be able, because of the length of the refractory period, exhibit Tetani in cardiac muscle tissue.
What does a significant increase in heart rate mean?
A decrease in ventricular filling time.
Cardiac Muscle Energy Source
1) Large # of Mitochondria
2) Abundant Myoglobin, lots of O2 because it is aerobic tissue.
3) Energy Reserves: Glycogen/Lipid Energy Stores
Conduction Pathway
1) SA Node - the Pacemaker
Location of the Conduction Pathway
Junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium
Characteristics of the Conduction Pathway
Comprised of specialized nerve cells. It initiates each cardiac cycle.
