Lecture 15 Flashcards
What two orders are in Xenarthra?
Pilosa and Cingulata, 31 species
What are the characteristic of the superorder Xenarthra?
No Incisors or Canines, No enamel on teeth, Some have septomaxillae, low metabolic rates, increased rigidity of axial limbs, and their limbs are modified for digging/climbing.
What are the characteristics of the Order Cingulata?
21 species, Found from the US to Argentina, possibly paraphyletic, dermal bones form armor and scales cover it, Insectivores, Homodont teeth, Complete zygomatic arch, powerful limbs, and mostly complete auditory bullae.
What are the characteristics of the family Bradypodidae?
Central America to northern Argentina, Arboreal locomotion in side down posture, Folivorous, 8-9 cervical vertebrae, short tail, Xenarthrism articulates brace lumbar vertebrae, Coarse hair, skull short and fairly high, zygoma incomplete but with the jugal process, cylindrical teeth and lack enamel, pelage modified for growing algae.
What are the characteristics of the Family Mehalonychidae?
Two-toed sloth, 5-8 cervical vertebrae, forelimbs are longer than hindlimb, the hand has two functional digits, and the foot has three, Arboreal folivores, suspension locomotion, first upper teeth caniform, fused mandibular symphysis, complete auditory bulla, incomplete zig zag zygomatic arch, and fused mandibular symphysis.
What are the characteristics of the family Glyptodontidae?
Thick armored shell, incomplete zig-zag zygomatic arch, flat cheek teeth without enamel.
What families are in the Superorder Xenarthra
Glyptodontidae, Bradypodidae, Megalonychidae
How can you tell three-toed and two-toed sloths apart?
Number of digits/claws
Silky anteaters
Family Cyclopedidae, 1 genus, 1 species
Giant Anteaters & Tamanaduas
Family mymecophagidae, 2 genera, 3 species
Two-toed sloths
MEgalonychidae, 1 genus, 2 species
