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Biology 106 > Lecture 14.1 Specification > Flashcards

Lecture 14.1 Specification Flashcards

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1
Q

Mutation

A

Is the only mechanism that produces new alleles

  • Are random
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2
Q

Genetic Drift

A

A totally random event that causes alleles frequency in a popluation to change predicatably

  • totally random
  • reduces genetic variation (fewer alleles)
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3
Q

Founder Effect?

Bottleneck?

A
  • a new popluation arises from the original population
  • When a popluation decreases in variation due to climate/resources/catastrophy etc. then another popluation increases having fewer of the original population
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4
Q

Genetic Flow

A

The movement of alleles from one population to another

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5
Q

Speciation

A

Formation of new and distinct species

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6
Q

Population

A

An interacting group of individuals of a single species that occupy the same area at the same time

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7
Q

Species Concepts

A

Morphological Phylogentic biological

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8
Q

Morphological Species Concept?

A

group of organisms with a similar phenotype(look alike) are members of same speices Sometimes they do not look alike because of there environments new york bird

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9
Q

cryptic species

A

two or more distinct species that are mostly morphological indistinguishable different species look similar but are NOT the same species

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10
Q

Phylogenetic species concept

A

the smallest group of organisms that share common ancestor is a distinct species

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11
Q

biological species concepts

A

species are group of actually or potentially interbreeding natural population that can mate and produce fertile offspring

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12
Q

biological species concepts -ACTUALLY?

A

live in same place and actually interbreed

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13
Q

biological species concepts- Potentially

A

dont live in the same place but could interbreed

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14
Q

What mechanisms lead to reproductive isolation?

A

prezygotic reproductive barriers postzygotic reproductive barriers

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15
Q

Prezygotic barriers

A

act before fertilization to prevent fertilization habitat isolation temporal isolation

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16
Q

postzygotic reproductive barriers

A

act after fertilization to prevent development of viable and/or fertile offspring

17
Q

habitat isolation

A

prezygotic individuals of one population evolve preference for one habitat and individual of another for a different habitat

18
Q

temporal isolation

A

prezygotic individuals of one population evolve to mate during one season, and individuals of another to mate during a different season

19
Q

behavioral isolation

A

prezygotic when individuals reject or fail to recognize potential mating partners because of their behaviors

20
Q

mechanical isolation

A

prezygotic when differences in shapes position or sizes of reproductive structures prevent cross-fertilization ex. great dane and chihuahua

21
Q

Prezygotic barriers

A

act before fertilization to prevent fertilization

22
Q

gametic isolation

A

prezygotic when sperm and egg dont bind each other successfully

23
Q

reduced hybrid viability/fertility

A

postzygotic hybrid offspring may have problems developing, surviving, and/or reproducing

24
Q

hybrid breakdown

A

postzygotic when two hybrids mate or when hybrids mate with the parent species, the next generation may not survive/reproduce

25
Q

Allopatric speciation

A

allo- different patric-fatherland

  • new species form from a single species due to georgraphic isolation
26
Q

Allopatric speciation what are the two stages?

A

allo- different patric-fatherland new species form from a single species due to georgraphic isolation geographical and reproductive based on barriers/isolation.

27
Q

Sympatric speciation

A

sym-together patric-fatherland

new species evolve from a single species while inhabiting the same geographic region

  • sexual selection
  • mating in preferred habitat
  • leads to isolation in reproduction
28
Q

Possible outcomes of Hybridization

A
  • stability-hybrid zones may last many generations
  • fusion-two species into one species
  • reinforcement-hybrids are much less fit than members of both parent species. (only if sympatric)
29
Q

How rapidly does specification occur in geogical time

A
  • punctuated equilibrium- short burst -cladogenesis
  • gradualism - gradual transformation of whole lineages into new species. -anagenesis
30
Q

Why do rates of speciation vary

A
  • poor dispersal abilities
  • specialized diets
  • animal-pollinated
  • sexual selection
    • Female prefrences & malle traits can evolve rapidly
31
Q

Intrasexual Selection

A

Fight eachother, within one sex

32
Q

Intersexual Selection

A

Interactionn between sexes

Biology 106 (8 decks)

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