Lecture 14.1 Specification

Question 1

Mutation

Answer 1

Is the only mechanism that produces new alleles

• Are random

Question 2

Genetic Drift

Answer 2

A totally random event that causes alleles frequency in a popluation to change predicatably

• totally random
• reduces genetic variation (fewer alleles)

Question 3

Founder Effect?

Bottleneck?

Answer 3

• a new popluation arises from the original population
• When a popluation decreases in variation due to climate/resources/catastrophy etc. then another popluation increases having fewer of the original population

Question 4

Genetic Flow

Answer 4

The movement of alleles from one population to another

Question 5

Speciation

Answer 5

Formation of new and distinct species

Question 6

Population

Answer 6

An interacting group of individuals of a single species that occupy the same area at the same time

Question 7

Species Concepts

Answer 7

Morphological Phylogentic biological

Question 8

Morphological Species Concept?

Answer 8

group of organisms with a similar phenotype(look alike) are members of same speices Sometimes they do not look alike because of there environments new york bird

Question 9

cryptic species

Answer 9

two or more distinct species that are mostly morphological indistinguishable different species look similar but are NOT the same species

Question 10

Phylogenetic species concept

Answer 10

the smallest group of organisms that share common ancestor is a distinct species

Question 11

biological species concepts

Answer 11

species are group of actually or potentially interbreeding natural population that can mate and produce fertile offspring

Question 12

biological species concepts -ACTUALLY?

Answer 12

live in same place and actually interbreed

Question 13

biological species concepts- Potentially

Answer 13

dont live in the same place but could interbreed

Question 14

What mechanisms lead to reproductive isolation?

Answer 14

prezygotic reproductive barriers postzygotic reproductive barriers

Question 15

Prezygotic barriers

Answer 15

act before fertilization to prevent fertilization habitat isolation temporal isolation

Question 16

postzygotic reproductive barriers

Answer 16

act after fertilization to prevent development of viable and/or fertile offspring

Question 17

habitat isolation

Answer 17

prezygotic individuals of one population evolve preference for one habitat and individual of another for a different habitat

Question 18

temporal isolation

Answer 18

prezygotic individuals of one population evolve to mate during one season, and individuals of another to mate during a different season

Question 19

behavioral isolation

Answer 19

prezygotic when individuals reject or fail to recognize potential mating partners because of their behaviors

Question 20

mechanical isolation

Answer 20

prezygotic when differences in shapes position or sizes of reproductive structures prevent cross-fertilization ex. great dane and chihuahua

Question 21

Prezygotic barriers

Answer 21

act before fertilization to prevent fertilization

Question 22

gametic isolation

Answer 22

prezygotic when sperm and egg dont bind each other successfully

Question 23

reduced hybrid viability/fertility

Answer 23

postzygotic hybrid offspring may have problems developing, surviving, and/or reproducing

Question 24

hybrid breakdown

Answer 24

postzygotic when two hybrids mate or when hybrids mate with the parent species, the next generation may not survive/reproduce

Question 25

Allopatric speciation

Answer 25

allo- different patric-fatherland

• new species form from a single species due to georgraphic isolation

Question 26

Allopatric speciation what are the two stages?

Answer 26

allo- different patric-fatherland new species form from a single species due to georgraphic isolation geographical and reproductive based on barriers/isolation.

Question 27

Sympatric speciation

Answer 27

sym-together patric-fatherland

new species evolve from a single species while inhabiting the same geographic region

• sexual selection
• mating in preferred habitat
• leads to isolation in reproduction

Question 28

Possible outcomes of Hybridization

Answer 28

• stability-hybrid zones may last many generations
• fusion-two species into one species
• reinforcement-hybrids are much less fit than members of both parent species. (only if sympatric)

Question 29

How rapidly does specification occur in geogical time

Answer 29

• punctuated equilibrium- short burst -cladogenesis
• gradualism - gradual transformation of whole lineages into new species. -anagenesis

Question 30

Why do rates of speciation vary

Answer 30

• poor dispersal abilities
• specialized diets
• animal-pollinated
• sexual selection
  
  • Female prefrences & malle traits can evolve rapidly

Question 31

Intrasexual Selection

Answer 31

Fight eachother, within one sex

Question 32

Intersexual Selection

Answer 32

Interactionn between sexes