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Biology 106 > Lecture 10.1/10.2 More Deuterostomes > Flashcards

Lecture 10.1/10.2 More Deuterostomes Flashcards

1
Q

What clades are considered Deuterostomes ?

A
  • Hemichordata
  • Echinodermata
  • Chordata
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2
Q

What is the difference between vertebrates and invertebrates?

A

Invertebrates do not have a backbone

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3
Q

Characteristics of Vertebrates?

A
  • Spinal Column
  • skull with brain
  • well-developed circulatory system w/ ventral heart
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4
Q

Agnathan clade?

A
  • considered a vertebrate
  • but split off before the evolution of jaws and mineralized skeleton

NO JAW or mineralized skeleton

  • A- without*
  • gnath-jaws*
  • stome-mouth*
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5
Q

Gnathostomes?

A

Has Jaw & Bones

gnath-jaws

stome- mouth

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6
Q

Examples of Agnathans?

A

Lamprey

Hagfish

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7
Q

Gnathostomes three major clades?

A

Chondrichthyes- sharks and rays

Actinopterygii- ray-finned fishes

Sarcopterygii- tetrapods like us, humans

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8
Q

Fact about the common ancestor of Actinoterygii & Sarcopterygii?

A

Evolved outgrowths of gut(sacs) that could be filled with air

  • lungs evolved for sarcopterygii
  • swim bladders evolved for actinopterygii
    • can be filled with air or water to help fish swim up or down
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9
Q

What fish was found in 1938?

A

Coelocanths

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10
Q

Example of lobe-fins?

A

Lung fish (sarcopterygii)

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11
Q

Tetrapods meaning?

A

tetra- four

pod- foot

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12
Q

Who are the tetrapods?

A
  • Amphibia
    • Amphi = both kinds (two life stages)
      • aquatic, amphibious, or terrestrial
      • aquatic larvae
  • Reptilia
  • Mammalia
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13
Q

What are the three clades of Amphibians?

A
  • Caudata
    • Salamander
  • Anurans
    • frogs & toads
    • anura = no tail
  • Caecilians
    • Legless
    • develop in soil and near water
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14
Q

What is the sister clade of Amniotes?

A

Reptiles and Mammals

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15
Q

Invertebrate Chordates?

A

Cephalochordata

Urochordata

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16
Q

Jawless Vertebrates?

A

Agnathans

includes the hagfish and lamprey

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17
Q

Jawed Vertebrates?

A

Gnathostomes

includes the

Chondrichthyes

Actinoptergyii

Sarcopterygii

Tetrapods

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18
Q

Amniotes?

A

Synapamorphy was eggs and milk includes the :

  • Raptilia
  • Mammalia

Evolved key adaptations to live on land

19
Q

Amniotes are within what clade?

20
Q

Amnoitic egg has four extraembryonic memebranes

_____, ________,_________

A
  1. Amnion protects embryo from sudden movement
  2. Yolk sac encloses nutrient for developing embryo
  3. Chorion and Allantois enhance gas exchange & excretion of waste
21
Q

What is another form of adabtation to dry habitats?

A

Tough, dry skin

22
Q

What are the reptile synapomorphy?

A

Scales or feathers made of Kertain

23
Q

Difference between oviparous and ovoviviparous

A

oviparous- amniotic eggs on land

ovoviviparous- female retaind egg, gives birth to juveniles

24
Q

Thermoregulation?

A

cannot regulate body tempature (echothermic)

Therefore they need to absorb heat from the enviornement

25
Q

What are the three clades of extinct reptiles?

A
  • Parareptiles
  • Plesiosaurs
  • Ichthyosaurs
26
Q

What are the two clades of Lepidosaurus?

A

Tuataras

Squamates (Lizards & snakes)

27
Q

What two groups are Archosaurs that are not extinct?

A

Crocodilians and Birds

28
Q

What are the similarities in Crocodilians & birds?

A
  1. Gene sequence
  2. circulation & resppiration
  3. degree of parental care
29
Q

What dinasour is not extinct?

A

Archaeopteryx: Therapod dinosaurs

30
Q

What are the features in birds imporant for flight?

A

Hollow bones

Sternum

Furcula (wishbone)

unidirectional lungs!

31
Q

Paleognaths?

A

Flightless birds

32
Q

Neognaths?

A

Diverse in clades and its the rest of the living birds

33
Q

What are the mammals synapomorphies?

A

Sweat glands

Mammary glands (ex: breast feeding)

hair/fur

34
Q

What is a Synapsids?

A

One distinct opening in skull behind each eye

gave rise to mammmals

35
Q

What are the mammals differentiated reproductive biology?

A

Monotremes (egg-laying)

Marsupials

Eutherians (young develops in the uterus)

36
Q

Monotremes?

A

lay eggs

lack a placenta

mammary glands (no nipples)

EX: platypus and 4 echidnas

37
Q

Name a Marsupial?

38
Q

Eutherians development fact?

A

Young development in uterus, while joined to the mother by a placenta

39
Q

Synapmorphies of Primates?

A

Limbs with grasping hand a& fett

Flat face with foward facing eyes

HUMANS and Gorillas

40
Q

What are the two types of Primates?

A

The Prosimians -lemurs

The Anthropoids - the monkeys, apes, and Humans!

41
Q

Pro-?

simians?

A

Pro- Before

Simiams - monkeys

Live in “Old World” Africa

42
Q

Anthropoids includes what worlds?

A

New and Old

New World monkeys have prehensile tails

43
Q

What are the closest living relatives to humans?

A

Chimpanzees and bonobos

Biology 106 (8 decks)

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