Lecture 14 (Viral Diseases of Sheep and Goats) Flashcards
Orf virus in sheep is….
a) a parapoxvirus related to pseduocowpox and Bovine Papular Stomatitis virus in cows
b) a herpesvirus related to IBR and MCF in cows
c) a picornovirus related to FMD
d) a rhabdovirus related to Sore Mouth in cows and horses
e) a papovavirus related to Bovine Papillomatosis in cows
a) a parapoxvirus related to pseduocowpox and Bovine Papular Stomatitis virus in cows
Orf is the other name for:
a) Blue Tongue
b) Contagious ecthyma
c) Retro viral infections
d) Caprine arthritis encephalitis
e) Scrapie
b) Contagious ecthyma
*Contagious Pustular Dermatitis
*Sore Mouth
-presents with florid lesions of fissured, painful scabs
-this causes restricted suckling and grazing in affected lambs
-systemic invasion is rare but may result in lesions on coronets, ears, nasal and buccal mucosae and around anus, vulva, or prepuce
a) Blue Tongue
b) Contagious ecthyma
c) Retro viral infections
d) Caprine arthritis encephalitis
e) Scrapie
b) Contagious ecthyma (Orf)
-most common in lambs 3-6 months old
-can severely affect adults
-presents as lesions that progress from papules to pustules to thick tenacious scabs
-while rarely on the tongue, it is usually first at oral mucocutaneous junctions
a) Blue Tongue
b) Contagious ecthyma
c) Retro viral infections
d) Caprine arthritis encephalitis
e) Scrapie
b) Contagious ecthyma (Orf)
systemic invasion is rare, but when it occurs the signs are lesions on coronets, ears, nasal/buccal mucosae, and around the anus, vulva, or prepuce
a) Blue Tongue
b) Contagious ecthyma
c) Retro viral infections
d) Caprine arthritis encephalitis
e) Scrapie
b) Contagious ecthyma (Orf)
affected lambs implicated in the spread to udders of new ewes:
a) Blue Tongue
b) Contagious ecthyma
c) Retro viral infections
d) Caprine arthritis encephalitis
e) Scrapie
b) Contagious ecthyma (Orf)
t/f: contagious ecthyma is zoonotic and not uncommon in vet students
true
this disease can spread rapidly in a flock in part due to the fact that persisting scabs in the environment are resistant and long-lasting (infectious), plus recovered animals are only immune for a few months
a) Blue Tongue
b) Contagious ecthyma
c) Retro viral infections
d) Caprine arthritis encephalitis
e) Scrapie
b) Contagious ecthyma (Orf)
contagious ecthyma is associated with a higher:
a) Morbidity
b) Mortality
a) Morbidity
talk about prevention of Orf
there is a vaccination → a vaccine is commercially available or can be prepared by grinding scabs and suspending in glycerol saline
-economic significance within North America
-leads to decreased milk production // mastitis // decreased weight gain // increased mortality in lambs
Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP)
transmission:
-some animals will remain asymptomatic but continue to shed infective organisms
-ingestion of infected milk or colostrum by neonate
-direct transmission via respiratory droplets
Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP)
clinical signs:
-slow progressive nature
-in early stages the animal may only show signs after being stressed
-eventually animal will become weak
-regional lymphadenopathy // proliferative arthritis // loss of body condition
-respiratory signs may include: nasal discharge, coughing, flaring nostrils
Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP)
which of the following is true regarding the control of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis:
a) control can be through testing (ELISA - antigen) and removal
b) kids are protected by removing them from does at birth
c) the disease can be spread lactogenically 1-2 years after initial infection.
d) all of the above are true
d) all of the above are true
how would you diagnose and prevent Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP)
diagnose via ELISA, AGID, & PCR
there is no treatment and there are no vaccines
*affected animals must be culled from the flock
-kids need to be removed from the dam early if the dam has this disease
-can be potentially spread lactogenically in goats 1-2 years after initial infection
-signs of this disease include general ADR, encephalitis, and arthritis
a) Blue Tongue
b) Contagious ecthyma
c) Retro viral infections
d) Caprine arthritis encephalitis
e) Scrapie
d) Caprine arthritis encephalitis
like Equine Infectious Anemia and Human HIV-1, Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus is a
a) Lentivirus from the Retrovirus family
b) Lentivirus from the Herpesvirus family
a) Lentivirus from the Retrovirus family
Bluetongue in Sheep is a…
a) Poxvirus
b) Retrovirus
c) Reovirus
d) Adenovirus
c) Reovirus
what is the incubation period for Bluetongue in Sheep?
2-6 days
when does Bluetongue occur?
in late summer to early fall
which species are affected from Bluetongue
principally sheep, also cattle and wild ruminants
-lower parts of face, ears and jaws become edematous
-partial or complete loss of fleece is common
-wrinkling and cracking of skin around lips and muzzle
-abortions and congenital deformities may occur
Bluetongue in Sheep
-fever persists for 5-6 days
-nasal discharge, salivation, reddening of buccal mucosae
-swelling and edema of lips, gum, dental pad, and tongue
-ulceration of lateral aspects of tongue
-foot lesions, including laminitis and coronitis
-cause lameness and recumbency
-rapid loss of condition
Bluetongue
what affect of blue tongue is of the greatest importance:
a) morbidity often >50%
b) mortality often high
c) indirect loss to producers (fleece & abortions)
c) indirect loss to producers (fleece & abortions)
presents with fever that lasts 5-6 days, see nasal discharge, swelling and edema of the lips/gums/dental pad/tongue, ulceration of the lateral tongue surfaces, foot lesions // laminitis // coronitis // lameness possible
a) Blue Tongue
b) Contagious ecthyma
c) Retro viral infections
d) Caprine arthritis encephalitis
e) Scrapie
a) Blue Tongue
Blue Tongue & Contagious ecthyma (Orf) both have signs including lesions around the lips and mucocutaneous junctions and possible coronitis/foot lesions. they even both can cause abortion. what is a good key difference?
a) contagious ecthyma is more common but less serious
b) Orf is a reovirus while Bluetongue is a poxvirus
c) Blue tongue is restricted to sheep but Orf is seen in cattle too
d) Orf lesions are rarely on the tongue, and we don’t see wool loss
d) Orf lesions are rarely on the tongue, and we don’t see wool loss
“Cattle are readily infected, viremic, and serve as an amplifying source to sheep” describes which viral disease in sheep:
a) Blue Tongue
b) Contagious ecthyma
c) Retro viral infections
d) Caprine arthritis encephalitis
e) Scrapie
a) Blue Tongue
-infections in cattle are common but rarely clinical
-cattle may remain viremic for 2 months or more
-virus replicates in endothelial cells
-petechial hemorrhage is characteristic
Bluetongue in Cattle
Blue Tongue in cattle is…
a) common, often clinical
b) common, rarely clinical
c) uncommon, often clinical
d) uncommon, rarely clinical
b) common, rarely clinical
Culicoides sp. (biting gnats) are implicated as biological vectors in the transmission of:
a) Blue Tongue
b) Contagious ecthyma
c) Retro viral infections
d) Caprine arthritis encephalitis
e) Scrapie
a) Blue Tongue
Bluetongue in Cattle is transmitted by…
Culicoides sp.
-signs develop very slowly and vary
-there is damage to nerve cells causing behavioral changes & tremors
-see prurtius and locomotor incoordination leading to recumbency and death
-Suffolk sheep are particularly susceptible
-in the USA flocks are genetically tested for susceptibility
a) Blue Tongue
b) Contagious ecthyma
c) Retro viral infections
d) Caprine arthritis encephalitis
e) Scrapie
e) Scrapie
t/f: Bluetongue has been reported to cross the placenta and cause fetal deformities
true
-associated with genotyping flocks and removing animals with PrP gene that are susceptible
-virtually eradicated besides 1-2 flocks in the US that have not culled their animals-associated with genotyping flocks and removing animals with PrP gene that are susceptible
-virtually eradicated besides 1-2 flocks in the US that have not culled their animals
a) Blue Tongue
b) Contagious ecthyma
c) Retro viral infections
d) Caprine arthritis encephalitis
e) Scrapie
e) Scrapie
