Lecture 14 - Soft Tissue Tumors

Question 1

_____ is the most common soft-tissue tumor of adulthood. Simple excision is curative.

Answer 1

Lipoma

Question 2

Liposarcomas are one of the most common soft-tissue sarcomas of adulthood. They typically appear in patients aged ____-____. Myxoid and round cell liposarcomas arise from a translocation between chromosomes ____ and ____. Histologically they show ______, which mimic fetal fat cells.

Answer 2

40-60

12 and 16

Lipoblasts

Question 3

Nodular Fasciitis is a reactive _________ that occurs most commonly on the forearm, chest and back. They are rapidly growing, and can become upward of 2cm in just a couple weeks.

Answer 3

Pseudosarcoma

Question 4

Superficial fibromatoses include plamar (aka Dupuytren contracture), plantar, and penile (aka ______ disease). The plamar variant is bilateral in about ____% of cases. All variants are more common in _____ (males or females?).

Answer 4

Peyronie disease

50%

Males

Question 5

Deep Fibromatoses (aka desmoid tumors) all have mutations in ____-______, regardless of the presence of Gardner’s syndrome. The abdominal variant is most common in women after _____. These tumors are benign, but they have a VERY high recurrence rate (over 90%). Histologically, they are composed of plump _______ arranged in broad fascicles that invade the surrounding tissue.

NOTE: Fibromatoses have estrogen receptors, so they respond well to treatment with _______.

Answer 5

Beta-Catenin

Pregnancy

Fibroblasts

Tamoxifen

Question 6

FIbrosarcomas must be diagnosed through exclusion. They do have a characteristic _________ appearence on histology.

Answer 6

Herringbone

Question 7

Benign fibrous histocytomas show a couple characteristic features on histology. 1. Crossing _____ cells in fascilcles. 2. _____ squamous epithelium overlaying the tumor.

Answer 7

Spindle cells

Pigmented

Question 8

Undifferentiated PLeiomorphic sarcomas are grossly ____/____ in color (appearing like a chunk of fleshy fish.)

Answer 8

Grey/white

Question 9

________ is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence. It most frequently occurs in the ____ and ____ or in the genitourinary tract. If it occurs in the extremities, it only involves ______ muscle. _________ is the most common variant of this sarcoma type, and its histology will show small round blue cells as well as differentiated _______ (the more of the present, the better the prognosis.)

Answer 9

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Head and Neck

SKeletal muscle

Embryonal

Rhabdomyeloblasts

Question 10

What are the two translocations that cause Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma and which one has a better prognosis?

These tumors tend to arise in young adolescents and within the deep muscle of the _____.

Answer 10

2:13 and 1:13; 1:13 has a better prognosis

Extremities

Question 11

_________ Rhabdomyosarcoma is the only Rhabdomyosarcoma that is more common in adults than adolescents.

Answer 11

Pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 12

Leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors that most commonly occur in the _____. Be on the lookout for smooth muscle cell nuclei that are _____-shaped and intersect at ____ angles.

Answer 12

Uterus

Cigar-shaped

Right angles

Question 13

Leiomyosarcomas in ____ positive patients can arise in unusual locations such as the liver.

Answer 13

HIV positive patients

Question 14

Synovial Sarcomas have a characteristic translocation between the ___ and ___ chromosomes. Monophasic Synovial Sarcomas are comprised either ONLY of ______ cells or ONLY of epithelioid cells. These tumors most commonly arise in the muscle of the _____ (which area of the body?).

Answer 14

X and 18

Spindle cells

Thigh