Lecture 14: Lymphocyte Subsets

Question 1

Where does CD4/CD8 T cell differentiation occur?

Answer 1

Occurs during development in the thymus.

Question 2

What leads to commitment to the CD4 lineage?

Answer 2

The expression of transcription factor ThPOK which represses Runx3.

Question 3

Which transcription factor is associated with commitment to the CD8 lineage?

Answer 3

Runx3, which silences CD4 expression

Question 4

True or false:

NK cells do not develop in the thymus and express rearranging antigen receptors.

Answer 4

False. They do not develop in the thymus, however they also do NOT express rearranging antigen receptors.

Question 5

NK cells are important for

Answer 5

Viral and tumour immunity.

Question 6

B1 B cells are also called…

Answer 6

Innate-like B cells

Question 7

Development and renewal of B1 cells occurs in the

Answer 7

Development occurs during the perinatal period and self-renewal occurs in the periphery.

Question 8

Which antibody do B1 cells spontaneously secrete?

Answer 8

IgM and to a much lesser extent IgG.

Question 9

True or false:

B1 cells are directed against carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.

Answer 9

False, B1 cells are not directed against proteins.

Question 10

True or false:

B1 cells are found in high numbers in the lymph nodes and spleen.

Answer 10

False, they are predominantly found in pleural and peritoneal cavities. Relatively absent from spleen and lymph nodes.

Question 11

True or false:

Marginal Zone B cells are derived from B1 cells

Answer 11

False. They are believed to be derived from B2 cells.

Question 12

True or false:

B1 cells develop into memory B cells.

Answer 12

False, they are do not develop into memory B cells and thus are not deemed to be part of the adaptive immunity.

Question 13

True or false:

In contrast to follicular B cells, Marginal zone B cells are largely non-recirculating

Answer 13

True.

Question 14

γδ T cell specificities

Answer 14

Phospholipids
MHC-I like molecules
Heat shock proteins

Question 15

Natural Killer T cells (NKT) specificities

Answer 15

Lipid/glycolipid antigens bound to CD1 proteins

Question 16

Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells specificities

Answer 16

Vitamin B (riboflavin) metabolites covalently bound to MR1

Question 17

Recognition of MHC-II induces a) ____ which also represses b) ____ expression

Answer 17

a) ThPOK

b) Runx3

Question 18

NKT cell recognition of lipid-loaded MHC class I-like molecules is driven by the a) ___ chain more than the b) ___ chain.

Answer 18

a) alpha

b) beta

Question 19

Selection/expansion of MAIT cells is dependent on _____

Answer 19

commensal gut flora

Question 20

Th1 produces which cytokines and effector proteins?

Answer 20

IL-2, IL-3, IFN-gamma, lymphotoxin

Question 21

Th2 produces which cytokines and effector proteins?

Answer 21

IL-3, IL-4 and IL-5

Question 22

Th1 cells are biased towards immunity against _______

Answer 22

Intracellular pathogens

Question 23

Th2 cells are biased towards immunity against __________

Answer 23

Parasites

Question 24

Regulatory T cells secrete _____ which dampen many aspects of immunity

Answer 24

IL-10 and (TGF-β)

Question 25

Th17 cells produce

Answer 25

IL-17 - a strong pro-inflammatory cytokine

Question 26

The main transcription factor for Th17 cells is

Answer 26

RORgammaT

Question 27

The main transcription factor for regulatory T cells is

Answer 27

FOXP3

Question 28

Helper T cell subsets:

Answer 28

Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Tfh, T Reg, (nTreg/iTreg)

Question 29

Role and function of CXCR5

Answer 29

A g protein coupled receptor responsible for drawing the Tfh cell towards the B cell area of lymph node

Question 30

Key transcription factor expressed by Tfh cells is

Answer 30

BCL-6

Question 31

Key cytokine produced by Tfh cells is

Answer 31

IL-21

Question 32

Lymphoid Tissue Inducer Cells (LTi) are dependent on the transcription factor _____

Answer 32

RORgammaT

Question 33

ILC1 produce

Answer 33

IFN-gamma, TNFalpha,

Question 34

ILC2 produce

Answer 34

type II cytokines e.g. IL-5, IL-9, IL-13

Question 35

ILC3 produce

Answer 35

IL-22 and IL-17

Question 36

An IKAROS KO fails to produce

Answer 36

B cells

Question 37

Role of CD4 cells with macrophage help

Answer 37

Help macrophages eliminate pathogens that the macrophages themselves are infected with. An important molecule in this process is IFN-γ.

Question 38

Role of CD4 cells with Killer T cells

Answer 38

CD4 T cells license dendritic cells for optimal activation of CD8 T cells.
CD40L is upregulated on the CD4 T cell which stimulates the CD40 on the dendritic cell which enables the dendritic cell to provide signals 2 and 3 to the CD8 cell

Question 39

Function of LTi cells

Answer 39

Induce formation of lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches