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PSIO 202 2 Lymphatic System > Lecture 14: Lymphatic System Immunity II > Flashcards

Lecture 14: Lymphatic System Immunity II Flashcards

1
Q

Naturally Acquired immunity

A

Active: infected with pathogen
Passive: antibodies pass from mother to fetus, breast mil to baby

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2
Q

Artificially Acquired Immunity

A

Active: vaccine
passive: injection of immune serum (gamma globin)

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3
Q

Acquired Immunity Types

A

Natural

Artificial

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4
Q

antibodies…

A

produced and activated by B cells

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5
Q

How B cells differ

A

random genetic mutations

each B cell acquires unique surface protein (antigen receptor or antibody) B4 entering blood stream

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6
Q

antigen receptor/antibody

A

surface protein on B cell

caused by random genetic mutation

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7
Q

Variable region

A

each antibody has a unique one
contains the antigen-binding site
when activated, antibodies released into blood stream

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8
Q

When a B cell is activated

A

produces plasma cells

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9
Q

How B cell is activated

A

antigen binds to antigen receptor on membrane

B cells respond to humoral (body fluid) immunity

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10
Q

plasma cells

A

antibody factor
antibodies released into blood stream
has same antibody receptor as the actived B cell it came from

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11
Q

antibodies are directed…

A

against pathogens in ISF and or ESF

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12
Q

Quick overview of B cell process

A
  1. B cell receptor recognizes antigiten
  2. B cell intakes antigen, digests, presents in MHCII complex
  3. Th cell says yes it is forgein antigen, Th fully activates B cell. IL2
  4. activated B cell proliferates and differentiates: plasma cells
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13
Q

Antibody mediated Immunity steps

A
  1. recognition
  2. activation
  3. proliferation and differentiation
  4. render cell inert (B cant kill)
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14
Q

B cells DON’T

A

leave lymphatic system
but their antibodies do
antibodies then destroy antigen

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15
Q

Recognition of B cells

A

Inactive B cells bind to free antigen in lymph then activated

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16
Q

activation

A

antigen brought in (endocytosis)
bound to MHCII protein
helper T cell binds to MHCII
antigen complex secrete cytokines

17
Q

result of cytokine secretion

A

prolif and differentiation

18
Q

Prolifferation and DIfferentiation

A

prolif (divide) into plasma celll clones
plasma cells have same antigen specificity as inactive B cell
Memory B cells also made

19
Q

Plasma cells can

A

secrete up to 100 mill antibodies per hour

20
Q

Memory B cells can live

A

over 20 years

21
Q

Antibodies CANT

A

destroy antigen themselves. they DO tag for destruction

The DO form antigen-antibody (immune) complexes

22
Q

Defensive mechanisms used by Antibodies

A
  1. Neutralization
  2. Immobilization
  3. Agglutination
  4. Precipitation
  5. Complement fixation
  6. Enhancement of Phagocytosis
23
Q

Neutralization

A

block effects of toxins

prevent attachment to body cells

24
Q

Immobilization

A

attack cilia/flagella so bacteria cant move

25
Q

Agglutination & Precipitation

A

A: cells in solution. clumping like blood test
P: soluble poison
Both: crosslinking antigens, causes clumping and precipitation

26
Q

see slide 10

A

10

27
Q

Enhancement of Phagocytosis

A

precipitation
complement activation or oposition
coat with a special substance

28
Q

Immunoglobulins

A

antibodies (another name)
light and heavy chains
binding site where light and heavy meet
constant and variable regions

29
Q

5 antibody classes by constant regions

A

IgG, IgE, IgD, IgM, IgA

all passed through breast milk

30
Q

IgA

A

in mucus membranes

target and immobilize pathogens before they get inside

31
Q

IgM

A

made first

make sure activation happens

32
Q

IgG

A

most, 75% of all antibodies
cross ALL kinds of barriers
placenta to mother

33
Q

IgE

A

target multicellular pathogens?
histamine
allergy and parasites

34
Q

IgD

A

attach to B cells

35
Q

constant region

A

what we vary to make different antibodie

36
Q

Primary Response

A

after INITIAL contact with antigen
takes several days before antibody conc serum rises
most antibodies made 7-10 days after exposure
IgM first, response for antibody production
IgG next. go further, clear it out of body

37
Q

Memory B cells

A

stay in blood even though antibody levels not elevalted

38
Q

Secondary Response

A

re-exposure to same antigen
antibody inc way fast and intense b/c of memory cells that proliferate exponentially
probably won’t even realize symptoms

PSIO 202 2 Lymphatic System (3 decks)

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