Lecture 14: Lymphatic System Immunity II

Question 1

Naturally Acquired immunity

Answer 1

Active: infected with pathogen
Passive: antibodies pass from mother to fetus, breast mil to baby

Question 2

Artificially Acquired Immunity

Answer 2

Active: vaccine
passive: injection of immune serum (gamma globin)

Question 3

Acquired Immunity Types

Answer 3

Natural

Artificial

Question 4

antibodies…

Answer 4

produced and activated by B cells

Question 5

How B cells differ

Answer 5

random genetic mutations

each B cell acquires unique surface protein (antigen receptor or antibody) B4 entering blood stream

Question 6

antigen receptor/antibody

Answer 6

surface protein on B cell

caused by random genetic mutation

Question 7

Variable region

Answer 7

each antibody has a unique one
contains the antigen-binding site
when activated, antibodies released into blood stream

Question 8

When a B cell is activated

Answer 8

produces plasma cells

Question 9

How B cell is activated

Answer 9

antigen binds to antigen receptor on membrane

B cells respond to humoral (body fluid) immunity

Question 10

plasma cells

Answer 10

antibody factor
antibodies released into blood stream
has same antibody receptor as the actived B cell it came from

Question 11

antibodies are directed…

Answer 11

against pathogens in ISF and or ESF

Question 12

Quick overview of B cell process

Answer 12

1. B cell receptor recognizes antigiten
2. B cell intakes antigen, digests, presents in MHCII complex
3. Th cell says yes it is forgein antigen, Th fully activates B cell. IL2
4. activated B cell proliferates and differentiates: plasma cells

Question 13

Antibody mediated Immunity steps

Answer 13

1. recognition
2. activation
3. proliferation and differentiation
4. render cell inert (B cant kill)

Question 14

B cells DON’T

Answer 14

leave lymphatic system
but their antibodies do
antibodies then destroy antigen

Question 15

Recognition of B cells

Answer 15

Inactive B cells bind to free antigen in lymph then activated

Question 16

activation

Answer 16

antigen brought in (endocytosis)
bound to MHCII protein
helper T cell binds to MHCII
antigen complex secrete cytokines

Question 17

result of cytokine secretion

Answer 17

prolif and differentiation

Question 18

Prolifferation and DIfferentiation

Answer 18

prolif (divide) into plasma celll clones
plasma cells have same antigen specificity as inactive B cell
Memory B cells also made

Question 19

Plasma cells can

Answer 19

secrete up to 100 mill antibodies per hour

Question 20

Memory B cells can live

Answer 20

over 20 years

Question 21

Antibodies CANT

Answer 21

destroy antigen themselves. they DO tag for destruction

The DO form antigen-antibody (immune) complexes

Question 22

Defensive mechanisms used by Antibodies

Answer 22

1. Neutralization
2. Immobilization
3. Agglutination
4. Precipitation
5. Complement fixation
6. Enhancement of Phagocytosis

Question 23

Neutralization

Answer 23

block effects of toxins

prevent attachment to body cells

Question 24

Immobilization

Answer 24

attack cilia/flagella so bacteria cant move

Question 25

Agglutination & Precipitation

Answer 25

A: cells in solution. clumping like blood test P: soluble poison Both: crosslinking antigens, causes clumping and precipitation

Question 26

see slide 10

Answer 26

10

Question 27

Enhancement of Phagocytosis

Answer 27

precipitation complement activation or oposition coat with a special substance

Question 28

Immunoglobulins

Answer 28

antibodies (another name) light and heavy chains binding site where light and heavy meet constant and variable regions

Question 29

5 antibody classes by constant regions

Answer 29

IgG, IgE, IgD, IgM, IgA | all passed through breast milk

Question 30

IgA

Answer 30

in mucus membranes | target and immobilize pathogens before they get inside

Question 31

IgM

Answer 31

made first | make sure activation happens

Question 32

IgG

Answer 32

most, 75% of all antibodies cross ALL kinds of barriers placenta to mother

Question 33

IgE

Answer 33

target multicellular pathogens? histamine allergy and parasites

Question 34

IgD

Answer 34

attach to B cells

Question 35

constant region

Answer 35

what we vary to make different antibodie

Question 36

Primary Response

Answer 36

after INITIAL contact with antigen takes several days before antibody conc serum rises most antibodies made 7-10 days after exposure IgM first, response for antibody production IgG next. go further, clear it out of body

Question 37

Memory B cells

Answer 37

stay in blood even though antibody levels not elevalted

Question 38

Secondary Response

Answer 38

re-exposure to same antigen antibody inc way fast and intense b/c of memory cells that proliferate exponentially probably won't even realize symptoms