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PSIO 202 2 Lymphatic System > Lecture 12: Non-specific Resistance > Flashcards

Lecture 12: Non-specific Resistance Flashcards

1
Q

Places without lymphatic vessles

A

Central nervous system
CSF: is the lymp for the brain.
Bone marrow

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2
Q

CSF

A

brain’s “lymph” CNS has its own draining system

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3
Q

Lymphatic vessles connected to…

A

almost everywhere
connection to cardiovascular system
connected to digestive system
itself

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4
Q

Lymph travels

A

thorugh lymphatic system rather than cardivascular cappilaries

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5
Q

Lymphatic system fuctions

A
  1. Drain excess ISF
  2. transprot dietary lipids
  3. carry out immune responses
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6
Q

Lymphatic draining ISF

A

connection to cardiovascular system

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7
Q

Transporting dietary lipids

A

connection to digestive system

travels through here instead of cardivascular capillaries

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8
Q

where cells are prepared

A

WBCs born in bone marrow

travel out to perform

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9
Q

B lymphocytes development

A

mature in bone marrow

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10
Q

T lymphocyte development

A

mature in thymus

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11
Q

Organs…

A

have capsules around them
Thymus
spleen
lymph nodes

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12
Q

Primary lymphatic vessles

A

red bone marrow

thymus

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13
Q

Thymus

A

temporary organ
it is largest at age 13
T cells trained here to attack not us cells

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14
Q

Secondary lymphatc organs and tissues

A

lymph nodes
spleen
lymphatic nodules/ follicles

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15
Q

lymphatic nodules/ follicles

A

most WBCs are here
NOT ORGANS
most fight microbes in these areas
along mucous membrane (tonsils, appendix…)

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16
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

follow VEINS
drain ISF, return it to blood stream
Originate in close ended lymph capillaries: these are adjacent to blood caps in tissue spaces
endothelial cells over lap
lots of valves (one way)
lets fluid IN NOT out
anchors pull portions of valves open so fluid can flow in

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17
Q

Extra ISF and vessel opening

A

extra fluid causes swollen lymph nodes

tissues stetch out, “doors” open

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18
Q

swollen lymph nodes

A

can indicate how serious whatever you are fighting is

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19
Q

lymphatic ducts

A

2

right and left

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20
Q

lymph nodes

A

99% of antigens removed by each one

REALLY clean if goes through 4 or 5 lymph nodes by the time ready to return to blood

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21
Q

cisterna chyli

A

large
gets all lymph from lower body
ALL organs
travels up from here

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22
Q

Non-sepcific resistance

A

what you’re born with
body’s first line of defense
physical barriers, inflammatory resose, fever, cells and chems that can kill
phagocytes, complement proteins, interferon proteis, natural killer cells

23
Q

Physical barriers

A 
skin
mucus membranes
hair
acid
tears
24
Q

skin

A

sebaceous glands: secrete oil antibiotics
sudoriferous glands: secrete sweat and lysozome
lysozyme

25
mucus membranes
lots in eyes and tears | mucus secreted by goblet cells (special epithelial)
26
Hair
nose hair, cilia on special epithelial cells (trachea)
27
Acid
pH of stomach is 2.0 (waaaay acidic)
28
Tears
contain lysozyme | cerumen also: ear wax
29
Fever
high temp in response to invading microorganisms | up in response to pyrogens
30
pyrogens
chems secreted by leukocytes and macrophages exposed to bacteria and other forgein substances made by us AND microbes too high (104-105 ish) can denature enzymes
31
moderate fever | causes
beneficial liver and spleen take back iron and zinc (needed by microorganisms) combo of raised fever and lowered iron makes bacteria not grow inc metabolic rate (speed up tissue repair) triggers production of interferons (for VIRAL replication, not bacterial)
32
Inflammation
triggered when body tissues damaged disposes of cell debris and pathogens (WBCs) sets stage for repair
33
4 cardinal signs of acute inflammation
``` redness heat swelling pain first three: inc blood flow pain can be caused by a lot. ```
34
Antimicrobial Protein: Enhancing innate defenses
attack microorganisms directly * proteins bump into microorg, starts to attack it hinder microorganisms ability to reproduce
35
Most important antimicrobial proteins
interferons | complement proteins
36
Interferons: made by
``` proteins made by virus infected body cells (most important, sees tit, prevents it from taking hold) , T-lymphocytes, NK cells, macrophages ```
37
cytokines
interferons and other chem messengers alter cell activities | send messages to others
38
Interferons (action)
non specific | act against large number of viruses
39
How interferons work
virus infected cell releases interferon (IF) IF binds to non infected cell uninfected can survive, secretes antiviral proteins to resist
40
Complement Proteins
second line of defense against pathogen invasion (after it gets into tissues) attach to antibody-antigen complexes
41
Complement System
at least 11 specific proteins complementing (enhacnincing) antibody actions
42
Result of complement protein attaching
formation of MAC (membarne attack complex) MAC pokes holes in membrane, causes micrboe to bleed to death attracts phygocytes, phygocytosis starts, inflammation too
43
MAC
pokes holes in membrane microbe bleeds to death the sprinkles attracts phygocytes, phygocytosis starts, inflammation too
44
See slide 19 for Complement System diagram
See slide 19 for Complement System diagram
45
Ways to activate C3
1. classical pathway 2. alternative pathway 3. lectin pathway
46
Lectin pathway
liver dettects fighting fungus, release chemicals to fight a little better
47
Natural Killer Cells
``` specialized T-lymphocytes kill tumor cells and some viruses ***affects cells in particular way kill via cytolysis secrete perforin reduced in AIDS patients ```
48
Perforin
secreted by NK cells | perforates cell membrane
49
AIDS
NK cells may be decreased | at a greater risk for cancer
50
Cytolysis
How NK cells kill | lysing of target cell
51
Natural Killer Cell Function
target cells that have slipped up ** isn't expressing protein that tellls body what it is doing ** "hding" from the body, killed for this ex: cancer cells VERY GENERAL if cell is acting up in a specific way NK can't take care of it
52
See slide for NK cell cycle
1. golgi align to target cell, so it can shoot target with perforin target cell lyses
53
T cell response type
cell mediated
54
B cell response type
antibody mediated

PSIO 202 2 Lymphatic System (3 decks)

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