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PSIO 202 2 Lymphatic System > Lecture 12: Non-specific Resistance > Flashcards

Lecture 12: Non-specific Resistance Flashcards

1
Q

Places without lymphatic vessles

A

Central nervous system
CSF: is the lymp for the brain.
Bone marrow

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2
Q

CSF

A

brain’s “lymph” CNS has its own draining system

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3
Q

Lymphatic vessles connected to…

A

almost everywhere
connection to cardiovascular system
connected to digestive system
itself

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4
Q

Lymph travels

A

thorugh lymphatic system rather than cardivascular cappilaries

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5
Q

Lymphatic system fuctions

A
  1. Drain excess ISF
  2. transprot dietary lipids
  3. carry out immune responses
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6
Q

Lymphatic draining ISF

A

connection to cardiovascular system

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7
Q

Transporting dietary lipids

A

connection to digestive system

travels through here instead of cardivascular capillaries

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8
Q

where cells are prepared

A

WBCs born in bone marrow

travel out to perform

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9
Q

B lymphocytes development

A

mature in bone marrow

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10
Q

T lymphocyte development

A

mature in thymus

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11
Q

Organs…

A

have capsules around them
Thymus
spleen
lymph nodes

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12
Q

Primary lymphatic vessles

A

red bone marrow

thymus

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13
Q

Thymus

A

temporary organ
it is largest at age 13
T cells trained here to attack not us cells

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14
Q

Secondary lymphatc organs and tissues

A

lymph nodes
spleen
lymphatic nodules/ follicles

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15
Q

lymphatic nodules/ follicles

A

most WBCs are here
NOT ORGANS
most fight microbes in these areas
along mucous membrane (tonsils, appendix…)

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16
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

follow VEINS
drain ISF, return it to blood stream
Originate in close ended lymph capillaries: these are adjacent to blood caps in tissue spaces
endothelial cells over lap
lots of valves (one way)
lets fluid IN NOT out
anchors pull portions of valves open so fluid can flow in

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17
Q

Extra ISF and vessel opening

A

extra fluid causes swollen lymph nodes

tissues stetch out, “doors” open

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18
Q

swollen lymph nodes

A

can indicate how serious whatever you are fighting is

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19
Q

lymphatic ducts

A

2

right and left

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20
Q

lymph nodes

A

99% of antigens removed by each one

REALLY clean if goes through 4 or 5 lymph nodes by the time ready to return to blood

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21
Q

cisterna chyli

A

large
gets all lymph from lower body
ALL organs
travels up from here

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22
Q

Non-sepcific resistance

A

what you’re born with
body’s first line of defense
physical barriers, inflammatory resose, fever, cells and chems that can kill
phagocytes, complement proteins, interferon proteis, natural killer cells

23
Q

Physical barriers

A 
skin
mucus membranes
hair
acid
tears
24
Q

skin

A

sebaceous glands: secrete oil antibiotics
sudoriferous glands: secrete sweat and lysozome
lysozyme

25
Q

mucus membranes

A

lots in eyes and tears

mucus secreted by goblet cells (special epithelial)

26
Q

Hair

A

nose hair, cilia on special epithelial cells (trachea)

27
Q

Acid

A

pH of stomach is 2.0 (waaaay acidic)

28
Q

Tears

A

contain lysozyme

cerumen also: ear wax

29
Q

Fever

A

high temp in response to invading microorganisms

up in response to pyrogens

30
Q

pyrogens

A

chems secreted by leukocytes and macrophages
exposed to bacteria and other forgein substances
made by us AND microbes
too high (104-105 ish) can denature enzymes

31
Q

moderate fever

causes

A

beneficial
liver and spleen take back iron and zinc (needed by microorganisms)
combo of raised fever and lowered iron makes bacteria not grow
inc metabolic rate (speed up tissue repair)
triggers production of interferons (for VIRAL replication, not bacterial)

32
Q

Inflammation

A

triggered when body tissues damaged
disposes of cell debris and pathogens (WBCs)
sets stage for repair

33
Q

4 cardinal signs of acute inflammation

A 
redness
heat
swelling
pain
first three: inc blood flow
pain can be caused by a lot.
34
Q

Antimicrobial Protein: Enhancing innate defenses

A

attack microorganisms directly
* proteins bump into microorg, starts to attack it
hinder microorganisms ability to reproduce

35
Q

Most important antimicrobial proteins

A

interferons

complement proteins

36
Q

Interferons: made by

A 
proteins
made by 
virus infected body cells (most important, sees tit, prevents it from taking hold)
, T-lymphocytes, 
NK cells, 
macrophages
37
Q

cytokines

A

interferons and other chem messengers alter cell activities

send messages to others

38
Q

Interferons (action)

A

non specific

act against large number of viruses

39
Q

How interferons work

A

virus infected cell releases interferon (IF)
IF binds to non infected cell
uninfected can survive, secretes antiviral proteins to resist

40
Q

Complement Proteins

A

second line of defense against pathogen invasion
(after it gets into tissues)
attach to antibody-antigen complexes

41
Q

Complement System

A

at least 11 specific proteins complementing (enhacnincing) antibody actions

42
Q

Result of complement protein attaching

A

formation of MAC (membarne attack complex)
MAC pokes holes in membrane, causes micrboe to bleed to death
attracts phygocytes, phygocytosis starts, inflammation too

43
Q

MAC

A

pokes holes in membrane
microbe bleeds to death
the sprinkles
attracts phygocytes, phygocytosis starts, inflammation too

44
Q

See slide 19 for Complement System diagram

A

See slide 19 for Complement System diagram

45
Q

Ways to activate C3

A
  1. classical pathway
  2. alternative pathway
  3. lectin pathway
46
Q

Lectin pathway

A

liver dettects fighting fungus, release chemicals to fight a little better

47
Q

Natural Killer Cells

A 
specialized T-lymphocytes
kill tumor cells and some viruses
***affects cells in particular way 
kill via cytolysis
secrete perforin
reduced in AIDS patients
48
Q

Perforin

A

secreted by NK cells

perforates cell membrane

49
Q

AIDS

A

NK cells may be decreased

at a greater risk for cancer

50
Q

Cytolysis

A

How NK cells kill

lysing of target cell

51
Q

Natural Killer Cell Function

A

target cells that have slipped up
** isn’t expressing protein that tellls body what it is doing
** “hding” from the body, killed for this
ex: cancer cells
VERY GENERAL
if cell is acting up in a specific way NK can’t take care of it

52
Q

See slide for NK cell cycle

A
  1. golgi align to target cell, so it can shoot target with perforin
    target cell lyses
53
Q

T cell response type

A

cell mediated

54
Q

B cell response type

A

antibody mediated

PSIO 202 2 Lymphatic System (3 decks)

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