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PSIO 202 2 Lymphatic System > Lecture 13: Lymphatic System Immunity I > Flashcards

Lecture 13: Lymphatic System Immunity I Flashcards

1
Q

immune response result

A

altered cell reaction after contact with antigen

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2
Q

antigen

A

specific foreign protein
generate antibodies in host organism
both adaptive immunity types respond
epitopes: things sticking out

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3
Q

2 adaptive immunity types

A

antibody mediated

cell mediated

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4
Q

adaptive immunity

A

what you develop

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5
Q

Functional Properties of antigens

A

immunogenicity

reactivity

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6
Q

immunogenicity

A

ability to stim proliferation of specific lymphocyets and antibodies

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7
Q

reactivity

A

ability to react with activated lymphocytes and antibodies released in response to antigens
causes immune response, but lymphocytes cant do it themselces

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8
Q

vaccine

A

we want immunogenic ones

this ensures that it is enough to just cause an immune response

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9
Q

Penniclin (in regards to reactivity)

A

it is reactive
combo of penicilin with its target is the alarm to the body
if body reacts without penicilin’s target, you’re allergic to pencilin

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10
Q

Complete antigens contain

A

foreign proteins
nucleic acids
some lipids
large polysaccharides

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11
Q

Immune “specificity”

A

all comes down to T cells

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12
Q

cell mediated immunity

A

depends on T cell receptors expressed on surface of lymphocytes
*(antibody mediated as well)?
defends the body against pathogens INSIDE the cell (Viruses)
*Targets are inside the cells

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13
Q

antibody mediated immunity

A

depends on antibody receptors (expressed on SURFACE of B-lymphocytes)
*look just like antibodies, except they’re attached to cell membrane
defends body against antigens and pathogens in body fluids (outside cell)

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14
Q

Development of Lymphocyte Receptor Specificity

A
  1. Random rearragement of gene segments (that encode for receptors on lymphocyttes)
  2. Each lymphocyte expresses 10^5 receptors on its surface. All daughter cells will have identical receptors
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15
Q

Propterites and Criteria of Immune Responses

A

Specificity
Memory
Tolerance

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16
Q

Specificity

A

antibodues or T cell receptors attack ONE specific antigen (really, a piece of it)

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17
Q

Memory

A

second exposure to pathogen is faster, more intense

stay around so we recognize the thing

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18
Q

Tolerance

A

ability to tell self from non self

select for receptors that only select for nonself

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19
Q

Immature Lymphocytes

A

released from bone marrow
essetially identical
maturation depends on location

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20
Q

immunocompetent

A

lymphocytes that are ready to go into battle

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21
Q

T cells mature in thymus…

A

because they have T cell receptors (protein)
want to recognixe NOT US
we care most that it cannot recognize us

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22
Q

Cell Mediated Immunity Steps

A
  1. antigen presentation
    * **MCH proteins
  2. antigen recognition
    * **** T helper
  3. activation
    * ***** Due to tight binding
  4. proliferation and differentiation
    * ** T cells especially
  5. destruction of infected cells
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23
Q

Major immunity roles of APCs (antigen presenting cells)

A

engulf antigens

present fragments of antigens on their srface to be recognized by T cells (look what I found! is it forgein?)

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24
Q

Major APC cellls

A

dendritic cells (doesnt have to be infected to be present)
macrophages
activated B cells
* take in antigen, process, display. receptors look a lot like an antibody

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25
Q

Antigen-presenting Cells overview

A

inatitiators of adaptive immunity (DCs)
migrate to lymph nodes and secondary lymphoid organs
present antigens to T cells

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26
Q

MHC Proteins

A

T cells only recognize antigens when antigen bound to special membrane proteins (major histocompatibility complex proteins)
only identical twins have same MPC proteins

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27
Q

major histocompatibility complex proteins

A

MHC proteins
special membrane glycoproteins
how T cells recognize (due to binding)
comparability expressed on cells

28
Q

MHC I protens

A

on ALL nucleated cells
any infected cell (intracellular antigen) can present antigen by binding to its OWN MHC I proteins and inserting complex onto membrane surface
“look what I’m making inside”

29
Q

MHC II Protens

A

ONLY on antigen presenting cells
display MHC II complex on membrane surface
“look what I found floating around outside”

30
Q

Process for MHC I

A
  1. digest antigen into peptide fragments
  2. synth MHC I molecs
  3. antigen peptide fragments bind to MHC I molecs
  4. Packaging of antigen-MHC I molec into vesicle
  5. vesicle exocytosis, antigen-MHC1 complex inserted into plasma membrane
31
Q

Antigen Recognition

A

T and B lymphocytes recognize discrete site on antigens (epitopes or antigenic determinants)

32
Q

Epitopes

A

regions on antigen molec that bind to T or B cell receptor

pieces of antigen

33
Q

T cell receptor recognition

A

recognize epitopes ONLY when bound to MHC self-protein

recognize antigens by piece

34
Q

B cell receptor recognition

A

antibody type receptor that recognizes antigen

35
Q

T and B cell maturation

A

negative and positive selection pressures

36
Q

Negative selection

A

eliminates T cells that are strongly anti-self (A, E die)
keep cells where nothing happens
so we get T cells that respond ONLY to non self

37
Q

Positive selection

A

select T cells with weak response to selfantigens
then become immuncompetent and self tolerant
Look for something to happen, keep the ones where something happens
C, you graduate

38
Q

T cell selection in Thymus: Moderate binding

A
  1. recognizes MHC
  2. doesn’t recognize/interact with self peptide shown (doesnt react strongly)
    lives and is Self Tolerant
39
Q

T cell selection in Thymus: No binding

A

Doesn’t recognize MHC

dies

40
Q

T cell selection in Thymus: Tight binding

A
  1. nteracts with MHC
  2. yes, interacts with peptide (self)
    Dies (“A” student)
41
Q

T cell selection in Thymus: 2 questions

A
  1. Can cell interact with MHC

2. Does it interact with peptide (we want a “no” to live)

42
Q

antigen

A

piece of peptide from us (our proteins)

43
Q

After maturation of moderate binding T cell

A

every time MHC encountered, look to see if antigen is there

If tight binding, the thing is foreign

44
Q

Tight binding AFTER maturation (T cells)

A

we know its a foreign protein

tight binding = NOT SELF

45
Q

No recognition of thing after maturation (t cell)

A

doesn’t die, just keeps looking for something to interact with (something infected)

46
Q

Costimulated

A

activation of T cell?

47
Q

Helper T cells

A

confirm that something foreign has been found
without them, crippled immune system
Clones made for memory (secondary to helping)

48
Q

Cytotoxic T cells

A

more specific than NK cells
for pathogens living inside our cells (viruses for the most part)
clone to carry out cell mediated immunity

49
Q

CD4 protein

A

Helper T cells

* bind ONLY to MHC II molecs

50
Q

CD8 protein

A

cytotoxic T cells

51
Q

MCH II process

A
  1. phagocytosis/endocytosis of antigen
  2. digestin of antigen into peptide fragments
  3. synth of MHCII molec
  4. package MHCII into vesicle
  5. antigen and MHC II vesicles fuse
  6. antigen peptide fragments bind to MHC II molecs
  7. exocytosis, antigen-MHC II complexes put into plasma membrane
52
Q

Cluster Designated Markers

A

CD4 and CD 8

proteins expressed on surface of T cells

53
Q

Helper T cells bind…

A

only to MCH II molecs

54
Q

Dendritic cells hang out…

A

in the skin

55
Q

Killer T cells are

A

cytotixic T cells

56
Q

Costimulators

A

cause T cell to complete activation or abort after binding to an antigen

57
Q

without costim…

A

T cells become toleraant to antigen
Can’t divide
can’t secrete cytokines

58
Q

WITH costimulation

A

T cells enlarge, proliferate, make clones
differentiate, perfom functions according to T cell class
Make more with correct receptor, memory and activate

59
Q

cytokines do what?

A

costimulate T cells and T cell proliferation

60
Q

Cytoknes relased by macrophages

A

interleukin 1

costims T cell-antigen complex to release IL2 and make more IL 2 receptors

61
Q

Interluekin 2

A 
growth factor with postive feedback loop
ells activated (helper) T cells to divide (2 pops, mem and active)
can be used to enhance cancer defense
62
Q

Other cytokines

A 
perforin and lymphotoxin (cell toxins)
gamma interferon (enhance killing power of macrophages)
inflammatory factors (mobilize and bring cells to inefction cite)
63
Q

Helper T cells after primed by antigen presentation

A

stim proliferation of other T cells
stim B cells that are already bound to antige
WITHOUT helper Ts, no immune response)

64
Q

Cytotoxic T Cells

A

only T cells that can attack and “kill”

move through body looking for antigen they recognize

65
Q

Cytotixic T cell targets

A

virus infected cells
cells with intracellular bacteria or parasites
cancer cells
forgein cells (blood transfusion, transplant)

66
Q

2 Tc cell pathways

A
  1. recognize antigen
  2. granzymes released or Granulysin and Perforin
  3. inter infected cell
  4. apoptosis of infected cell

PSIO 202 2 Lymphatic System (3 decks)

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