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PSIO 202 2 Lymphatic System > Lecture 13: Lymphatic System Immunity I > Flashcards

Lecture 13: Lymphatic System Immunity I Flashcards

1
Q

immune response result

A

altered cell reaction after contact with antigen

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2
Q

antigen

A

specific foreign protein
generate antibodies in host organism
both adaptive immunity types respond
epitopes: things sticking out

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3
Q

2 adaptive immunity types

A

antibody mediated

cell mediated

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4
Q

adaptive immunity

A

what you develop

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5
Q

Functional Properties of antigens

A

immunogenicity

reactivity

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6
Q

immunogenicity

A

ability to stim proliferation of specific lymphocyets and antibodies

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7
Q

reactivity

A

ability to react with activated lymphocytes and antibodies released in response to antigens
causes immune response, but lymphocytes cant do it themselces

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8
Q

vaccine

A

we want immunogenic ones

this ensures that it is enough to just cause an immune response

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9
Q

Penniclin (in regards to reactivity)

A

it is reactive
combo of penicilin with its target is the alarm to the body
if body reacts without penicilin’s target, you’re allergic to pencilin

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10
Q

Complete antigens contain

A

foreign proteins
nucleic acids
some lipids
large polysaccharides

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11
Q

Immune “specificity”

A

all comes down to T cells

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12
Q

cell mediated immunity

A

depends on T cell receptors expressed on surface of lymphocytes
*(antibody mediated as well)?
defends the body against pathogens INSIDE the cell (Viruses)
*Targets are inside the cells

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13
Q

antibody mediated immunity

A

depends on antibody receptors (expressed on SURFACE of B-lymphocytes)
*look just like antibodies, except they’re attached to cell membrane
defends body against antigens and pathogens in body fluids (outside cell)

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14
Q

Development of Lymphocyte Receptor Specificity

A
  1. Random rearragement of gene segments (that encode for receptors on lymphocyttes)
  2. Each lymphocyte expresses 10^5 receptors on its surface. All daughter cells will have identical receptors
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15
Q

Propterites and Criteria of Immune Responses

A

Specificity
Memory
Tolerance

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16
Q

Specificity

A

antibodues or T cell receptors attack ONE specific antigen (really, a piece of it)

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17
Q

Memory

A

second exposure to pathogen is faster, more intense

stay around so we recognize the thing

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18
Q

Tolerance

A

ability to tell self from non self

select for receptors that only select for nonself

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19
Q

Immature Lymphocytes

A

released from bone marrow
essetially identical
maturation depends on location

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20
Q

immunocompetent

A

lymphocytes that are ready to go into battle

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21
Q

T cells mature in thymus…

A

because they have T cell receptors (protein)
want to recognixe NOT US
we care most that it cannot recognize us

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22
Q

Cell Mediated Immunity Steps

A
  1. antigen presentation
    * **MCH proteins
  2. antigen recognition
    * **** T helper
  3. activation
    * ***** Due to tight binding
  4. proliferation and differentiation
    * ** T cells especially
  5. destruction of infected cells
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23
Q

Major immunity roles of APCs (antigen presenting cells)

A

engulf antigens

present fragments of antigens on their srface to be recognized by T cells (look what I found! is it forgein?)

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24
Q

Major APC cellls

A

dendritic cells (doesnt have to be infected to be present)
macrophages
activated B cells
* take in antigen, process, display. receptors look a lot like an antibody

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25
Antigen-presenting Cells overview
inatitiators of adaptive immunity (DCs) migrate to lymph nodes and secondary lymphoid organs present antigens to T cells
26
MHC Proteins
T cells only recognize antigens when antigen bound to special membrane proteins (major histocompatibility complex proteins) only identical twins have same MPC proteins
27
major histocompatibility complex proteins
MHC proteins special membrane glycoproteins how T cells recognize (due to binding) comparability expressed on cells
28
MHC I protens
on ALL nucleated cells any infected cell (intracellular antigen) can present antigen by binding to its OWN MHC I proteins and inserting complex onto membrane surface "look what I'm making inside"
29
MHC II Protens
ONLY on antigen presenting cells display MHC II complex on membrane surface "look what I found floating around outside"
30
Process for MHC I
1. digest antigen into peptide fragments 2. synth MHC I molecs 3. antigen peptide fragments bind to MHC I molecs 4. Packaging of antigen-MHC I molec into vesicle 5. vesicle exocytosis, antigen-MHC1 complex inserted into plasma membrane
31
Antigen Recognition
T and B lymphocytes recognize discrete site on antigens (epitopes or antigenic determinants)
32
Epitopes
regions on antigen molec that bind to T or B cell receptor | pieces of antigen
33
T cell receptor recognition
recognize epitopes ONLY when bound to MHC self-protein | recognize antigens by piece
34
B cell receptor recognition
antibody type receptor that recognizes antigen
35
T and B cell maturation
negative and positive selection pressures
36
Negative selection
eliminates T cells that are strongly anti-self (A, E die) keep cells where nothing happens so we get T cells that respond ONLY to non self
37
Positive selection
select T cells with weak response to selfantigens then become immuncompetent and self tolerant Look for something to happen, keep the ones where something happens C, you graduate
38
T cell selection in Thymus: Moderate binding
1. recognizes MHC 2. doesn't recognize/interact with self peptide shown (doesnt react strongly) lives and is Self Tolerant
39
T cell selection in Thymus: No binding
Doesn't recognize MHC | dies
40
T cell selection in Thymus: Tight binding
1. nteracts with MHC 2. yes, interacts with peptide (self) Dies ("A" student)
41
T cell selection in Thymus: 2 questions
1. Can cell interact with MHC | 2. Does it interact with peptide (we want a "no" to live)
42
antigen
piece of peptide from us (our proteins)
43
After maturation of moderate binding T cell
every time MHC encountered, look to see if antigen is there | If tight binding, the thing is foreign
44
Tight binding AFTER maturation (T cells)
we know its a foreign protein | tight binding = NOT SELF
45
No recognition of thing after maturation (t cell)
doesn't die, just keeps looking for something to interact with (something infected)
46
Costimulated
activation of T cell?
47
Helper T cells
confirm that something foreign has been found without them, crippled immune system Clones made for memory (secondary to helping)
48
Cytotoxic T cells
more specific than NK cells for pathogens living inside our cells (viruses for the most part) clone to carry out cell mediated immunity
49
CD4 protein
Helper T cells | * bind ONLY to MHC II molecs
50
CD8 protein
cytotoxic T cells
51
MCH II process
1. phagocytosis/endocytosis of antigen 2. digestin of antigen into peptide fragments 3. synth of MHCII molec 4. package MHCII into vesicle 5. antigen and MHC II vesicles fuse 6. antigen peptide fragments bind to MHC II molecs 7. exocytosis, antigen-MHC II complexes put into plasma membrane
52
Cluster Designated Markers
CD4 and CD 8 | proteins expressed on surface of T cells
53
Helper T cells bind...
only to MCH II molecs
54
Dendritic cells hang out...
in the skin
55
Killer T cells are
cytotixic T cells
56
Costimulators
cause T cell to complete activation or abort after binding to an antigen
57
without costim...
T cells become toleraant to antigen Can't divide can't secrete cytokines
58
WITH costimulation
T cells enlarge, proliferate, make clones differentiate, perfom functions according to T cell class Make more with correct receptor, memory and activate
59
cytokines do what?
costimulate T cells and T cell proliferation
60
Cytoknes relased by macrophages
interleukin 1 | costims T cell-antigen complex to release IL2 and make more IL 2 receptors
61
Interluekin 2
``` growth factor with postive feedback loop ells activated (helper) T cells to divide (2 pops, mem and active) can be used to enhance cancer defense ```
62
Other cytokines
``` perforin and lymphotoxin (cell toxins) gamma interferon (enhance killing power of macrophages) inflammatory factors (mobilize and bring cells to inefction cite) ```
63
Helper T cells after primed by antigen presentation
stim proliferation of other T cells stim B cells that are already bound to antige WITHOUT helper Ts, no immune response)
64
Cytotoxic T Cells
only T cells that can attack and "kill" | move through body looking for antigen they recognize
65
Cytotixic T cell targets
virus infected cells cells with intracellular bacteria or parasites cancer cells forgein cells (blood transfusion, transplant)
66
2 Tc cell pathways
1. recognize antigen 2. granzymes released or Granulysin and Perforin 3. inter infected cell 4. apoptosis of infected cell

PSIO 202 2 Lymphatic System (3 decks)

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