Lecture 14 Gross anatomy of the brainstem and cerebellum Fourth ventricle SPINAL CORD Flashcards
What does the brain contain?
- Telecephalon
- Diencephalon
- Cerebellum
- Brainstem
identify parts of brainstem
Human bran: Ventral aspect
-> Identify
Ventral surface of the hypothalamus and brainstem
-> Identify 1 - 3
- cerebral peduncle
- interpeduncular fossa
- optic tract
Another name for midbrain?
mesencephalon
Function of The midbrain or mesencephalon?
It is associated with vision, hearing, motor control, pain control, sleep/wake, and temperature regulation
Identify
What are the 2 parts of the mesencephalon ?
- Tectum
2. Cerebral peduncle
Parts of the mesencephalon
-> Identify
Identify
Midbrain - Mesencephalon
- > Ventral surface
- > IDENTIFY?
Cerebral peduncle(1) Interpeduncular fossa (2) oculomotor nerves (3)
identify green part and yellow part and where do they go?
Function of Superior colliculus
centers for visual reflexes
Function of Inferior colliculus (2)
associated with auditory pathway
Which cranial nerves emerge from the pons?
Cranial nerves V., VI., VII.
What is this?
pontine tegmentum
What is this?
BASE
Ventral surface of pons
-> Identify
What is Pontocerebellar trigone:?
the junction of medulla, pons and cerebellum
Dorsal surface of pons – rostral part of the rhomboid fossa part
-> Identify
Medial eminence (1)
Facial colliculus (2)
Locus ceruleus (3)
Which cranial nerves emerge from medulla?
Cranial Nerves IX, X, XI, XII
Which reflexes are cranial nerves IX, X, XI, XII emerging from medulla responsible for?
Pharyngeal (Gag) Reflex
Tracheal (Cough) Reflex
Identify
Sulcus limitans
What does pyramid of medulla contain?
pyramidal tract (corticospinal tract)
How is Decussation of pyramid formed?
by crossing fibers of corticospinal tract
What does Olive of medulla contain?
inferior olivary nucleus
What does Medial parolivary sulcus
of medulla contain?
hypoglossal nerve XII
What does Lat. parolivary sulcus of medulla contain?
glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory nerves IX, X.,XI.,
Identify
Identify
Identify
Funiculus separans
What is Area postrema
blood –brain barrier free
What is this?
the locus ceruleus of the brainstem which is a nonadregenic area liberating, activated by, or involving norepinephrine in the transmission of nerve impulses
Identify 1 - 2
- superior cerebellar peduncle (1) connects it with medulla
- inferior cerebellar peduncle (2)－connects it with midbrain
Identify 3
inferior cerebellar peduncle (2)－connects it with midbrain
How many hemispheres does the cerebellum consist of? What are they united by?
Consists of two cerebellar hemispheres
united in the midline by the vermis
Identify the lobes of cerebellum
Identify
Primary fissure
Identify
Identify
- Posterior fissure
2. Flocculus
Internal structures of cerebellum
-> Identify
Cerebellar cortex
What are the 3 Functional divisions of cerebellum?
Vestibulocerebellum
Spinocerebellum
Cerebrocerebellum
BLOOD SUPPLY: Vertebral artery, intercostal and segmental arteries
Segmental arteries originate from …
Verteral, ascending cervical,
deep cervical, intercostal
and lumbar arteries
VENOUS DRAINAGE
-> 2 trunks for the spinal cord
Anterior longitudinal venous trunk
Posterior longitudinal venous trunk
What is VENOUS VASOCORONA?
coronal anastomotic veins connecting the longitudinal vessels
The blood is drained into the ____, the plexus is connected to thoracic, abdominal and intercostal veins, then to the external vertebral venous plexus to reach the azygos and hemiazygos veins.
internal vertebral venous plexus (epidural venous plexus)
The blood is drained into the internal vertebral venous plexus (epidural venous plexus)
-> the plexus is connected to thoracic, abdominal and intercostal veins, then to ____ to reach the azygos and hemiazygos veins.
the external vertebral venous plexus
The blood is drained into the internal vertebral venous plexus (epidural venous plexus), the plexus is connected to thoracic, abdominal and intercostal veins, then to the external vertebral venous plexus to reach ____ and ____
the azygos and hemiazygos veins.
