Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Repro > Lecture 14 > Flashcards

Lecture 14 Flashcards

1
Q

FGR term

A

can reach full term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Premature babies

A

do not reach full term

born before due date

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

FGR stats

A 
weight below 10th percentile 
increased risk of CV as an adult
lack of vascular adaptions
detectable in utero 
no treatments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lack of vascular adaptations (FGR)

A

increased vascular resistance

decreased blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Screening

A 
75% of cases for FGR missed 
90% still births are FGR 
USS at 20 weeks 
SFH 
foetal movements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

placenta function

A

nutrient and gas exchange
hormone production and release
protective barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

placental structure

A

villous branches
highly branched
highly vascularised
specialised SYNC layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

placental circulation

A

maternal blood to intervillous space
blood leaves space by maternal veins
baby has umbilical cord which projects into space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

does blood mix

A

NEVER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

uterine blood artery

A

provides into intervillous space
barrier to stop entry of RBCs and WBCs
underlying cytotrophic layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does placental dysfunction cause

A 
FGR 
impaired placental blood flow 
impaired vascular function 
reduced nutrient transport 
lower hormone levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

reduced placental cell turnover in FGR

A

decrease cytotrophic prolif
increased apoptosis
increase syncytial knots
reduced growth and SYN growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

reduced cell turnover leads to

A

smaller placenta
less branched
less o2 and nutrients to foetus
damaged SYNC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

reduced villous branching in FGR

A

decreased branching of villous tree
smaller and fewer terminal villi
reduced surface area
thicker SYNC so less diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

reduced nutrient transport in FGR

A

impaired placental amino acid transport

AGA less active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

system A function

A

amino acid transporter in cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

reduced placental vascularisation

A

especially in peripheral regions

may effect feto-placental flow

reduced density of blood vessels so reduced oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

foetal blood flow

A 
foetal heart 
umbilical arteries 
placenta (adds o2)
umbilical vein 
foetus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

low resistance blood flow

A

causes UNIMPEDED blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

low resistance o2

A

deoxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

umbilical artery dopple USS FGR

A

reverse end diastolic flow

absent end diastolic flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

systole

A

peak blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

diastole

A

resisted blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

reverse end diastolic flow in FGR

A

undershoot

c-section to deliver baby immediately

25
Q

placental arteries in FGR

A

constrict more
more pressure
more damage to foetus

26
Q

maternal blood perfusion

A

blood delivered via uterine spiral arteries to placenta

high volume blood flow to placenta

transformed in early pregnancy by EVT

27
Q

EVT

extravillous trophoblast

A

enlarged sinus
high volume
low resistance blood flow
trophoblast remodels arteries

28
Q

abnormal blood flow in FGR

A 
reduced flow
high resistance 
diastolic notching 
reduced o2 and nutrients 
doppler of uterine artery
29
Q

placental hormones

A

lower conc used as marker
hPL
PTL
PIGF

30
Q

KO IGF I

MOUSE

A

reduction in weight by 40% compared to WT

31
Q

KO IGF I and II

A

reduction in weight by 70% to WT

hard to survive

32
Q

IGF I KO

A

FGR

33
Q

IGF II KO

A

FGR and placenta growth restriction

34
Q

P0

A

placental specific

35
Q

PO IGF2 KO

A

KO placental IGF2 but rest stays normal

leads to FGR and PGR

36
Q

PO IGF2 KO properties

A

global reduction of spongitrophoblast and labyrinth

50% reduction in labyrinth surface area

morphological abnormalities

37
Q

placental transport in IGF2 KO

A

placenta has decrease passive permeability

radiolabel

38
Q

radiolabels

A

C-14

cobalt 51

39
Q

IGF2 KO system A

A

activity increased in KO to make up for loss

40
Q

IGF KO

HUMANS

A

stimulates proliferation of cytotrophoblast
stained with BrdU
if IGF decreases, cell turnover increases

41
Q

Glucocorticoids and FGR

HUMANS

A

cortisol
synthetics (Dex)
9/11
antenatal GC administration

42
Q

increase in GC

A

decrease in birth weight

43
Q

antenatal GCs

A

threatened preterm labour to promote lung maturation

maternal conditions like asthma or AIDS

44
Q

reduced placental barriers in FGR

A

foetus protected from cortisol

contains 11B-HSD2 to convert cortisol to cortisone

45
Q

where is cortisone expressed

A

sync
forms protective barrier
reduces 11B-HSD2 in FGR

46
Q

MICE given synthetic GCs

A

FGR and PGR

47
Q

GC on IGF2

A

inhibits IGF2

48
Q

where are GC receptors expressed

A

on placenta

49
Q

GCRs

A

nuclear steroid receptor

binds to transcriptional region

50
Q

11B-HSD2 KO

MOUSE

A

reduced foetal weight - FGR

reduced placental weight - PGR

51
Q

abundance of mRNA in 11B-HSD2 KO

A

reduced VegF

52
Q

veg-f

A

promotes angiogenesis in placenta

53
Q

system A and Dex GC

A

reduced activity

54
Q

placenta cells models for GC

HUMANS

A

GC impairs angiogenesis
decreased by 40%
reduced VegF for branching
reduced IGF-1 expression

55
Q

dysregulated vasodilation in blood vessels of FGR placenta

HUMANS

A

pressure remains high
blood vessels do not dilate
elevated resistance

56
Q

Ca2+ channels

A

TPRV4
PIEZO
P2X4

57
Q

effects of endothelial cell on underlying blood vessels

A

relaxation of blood vessel

58
Q

how does blood vessel relax

A

COX
eNOS
AA

Human Repro (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions