Lecture 14 Flashcards
What are synthetic materials?
Can be used to figure out culture, time, source of material
-doesn’t include one type of material
What does pyrotechnology mean?
Technology where fire is controlled in production
Ex: pottery, ceramics
What does temper mean?
Add things to clay to make pottery
-sand, dirt, rocks
What does metallurgy mean?
Production of metal objects
What is archaeometallurgy
Study of those objects from archaeological sites
How to look at those synthetic materials
Portable X-ray Aurorenscence (PXRF)
Limestone Portrait, Egypt
-Evidence for pot-making using a wheel. An Egyptian potter shaped a vessel on a turntable type wheel in this limestone portrait of c. 2400 BCE
What is trace element analysis
different ways to measure elements in a material
the use of chemical techniques for determining the incidence of trace elements in rocks. These methods are widely used in the identification of raw material sources for the production of stone
Trade and Exchange
TraNe & Exchange
•societies & economies depend upon exchanges
‘characterization allows as to determine soures (EX: PXRF: nondestructive, Neutron Activation Analysis: destructive, etc)
• main methods for sourcing
materials by characterization:
-microscopic thin-section analysis
-trace-element analysis, and isotopic analysis.
- Analysis of the spatial distribation of finds can help us to a understand the exchange mechanisms that were operating in the past
-Direct access-directly to and from source
-down the line exchange: other people are involved
-interactions involve the exchange not only material goods but also of information
Info includes: ideas, symbols, inventions, aspirations, and values
-creates relationships and bonds
What is bioarchaeology?
Study of the human biological component of the archaeological record (looks at human remains)
-bones, tissue, isotopes, a DNA (a=ancient), etc
-osteology: study of bone (human)
-burial population: a set of human burials that come from a certain region and a certain time period
What is paleopathology?
Study of ancient patterns of disease and disorders
What is molecular archaeology?
Uses genetic material- DNA from human skeletal remains and living people
-Uses data from living and ancient peoples to construct population migrations
What is molecular clock?
Rate of mutations
-using data from living and ancient peoples to reconstruct population migrations
-especially useful is mitochondrial DNA (m+DNA) and the genetic material in Y chromosomes
What is mutagen?
People become genetically distinct when they get separated
DNA background
Mitochondrial DNA-genetic material found in the mitochondria of cells
Nuclear DNA-genetic material found in a cells nuclei
