Lecture 14 Flashcards
Why do rules exist?
Safety
Why do good people violate procedures?
Management pressure
What is the IATA?
The International Air Transport Association
Supports aviation with global standards for airline safety, security, efficiency and sustainability
IATA makes an idea and develops it then passes it off to the government (ICAO)
What is ICAO?
International Civil Aviation Organization
Achieve the sustainable growth of the global civil aviation system
A branch of the United Nations
What is the EASA?
European Aviation Safety Agency
Coordinates all of the aviation regulations in Europe
The FAA of Europe
What two organizations work collaboratively to create regulations and certifications?
FAA and EASA
What act was passed in 1926 and what did it do?
Air Commerce Act
Department of Commerce assumed primary responsibility for aviation oversight
What was the Aeronautics Branch renamed in 1934?
Bureau of Air Commerce
What was one of the first acts of the Bureau of Air Commerce?
When did the Bureau take over the actions of this act?
Encourage a group of airlines to establish the first air traffic control centers to provide en-route air traffic control
1936
How were regulations passed/enforced before 1957?
After 1957?
Civil aeronautics board (CAB) presents to congress, and enforced laws passed by congress
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) made and enforced federal aviation regulations
What does the CFR contain?
Code of Federal Regulations
Contains every federal regulation for everything
Which CFR includes everything we need to know about aviation?
14 CFR
Aeronautics and Space
What is 14 CFR Part 21?
Certification procedures for products and parts
All certification regulations and procedures for aircraft, engines, and propellors
What certificate is issued when an aircraft design meets FAA standards?*
Type certificate
What is a type certificate holder?*
The organization that holds the type certificate for the design of an aircraft
What certificate must a manufacturer display in view of the public?*
The type certificate for the aircraft, engine, or propeller being manufactured
What is a TCDS?
Type certificate data sheet
FAA document that records the type certification data of a product
What is the purpose of a TCDS?*
Configuration control
What things have a TCDS?*
Aircraft, engines, and propellors
If the aircraft does not conform to the TCDS, what must exist?*
Documents and records to explain why the aircraft does not conform
Once the _____ puts information in the TCDS, and the _____ agrees it is _____.*
manufacturer
FAA
“approved data”
How are different models of an aircraft covered in a TCDS?
What if there is data consistent with all models?
Information is repeated for each different model of a particular kind of aircraft
“Data pertinent to all models” section
Includes which regulations this aircraft was certified to and must comply with
What does the “notes” section in the TCDS often include?
The “placards” or signs that must be posted to make the aircraft is legal to fly
What certificate allows the change in design of an aircraft, engine, or propeller?*
A “supplemental type certificate” (STC)
Who can use a particular STC?
The individual who applied and got approved for the STC
Anyone who buys a license for the STC after it is approved
Who can apply for a STC?
Who must approve a STC?
Anyone
FAA
Why can’t you apply for a STC for a modification that already has a STC?
FAA won’t issue the licenses twice
A STC is the modification of the _____ of an aircraft, engine, or propeller; not to the _____ of an _____ plane.
design
modification
individual
What must happen for the FAA to approve a STC?
Flight tests, detailed drawings, detailed installation instructions, and engineering documents must be made
After an STC is approved, how must the modifications be made?
Exactly the way the STC calls out
What are standard airworthiness certificates?
What aircraft types are included?
Certificates issued for aircraft type in the following categories:
normal, utility, acrobatic, commuter, transport, manned free balloons
What is a special airworthiness certificate?
What aircraft categories are included?
FAA authorization to operate an aircraft in the US airspace in one or more of the following categories
Primary
Restricted
Limited
Light-sport
Provisional
Experimental
What certificate must be displayed at all times at or near the entrance to the aircraft so it is visible to passengers or crew?
Airworthiness certificate
When is an airworthiness certificate issued? By who?
How long is the certificate good for?
Issued by the FAA when the aircraft is built
Good for the life of the aircraft as long as it is maintained
What is a “primary” category aircraft?
Un-powered or powered by a single, naturally aspirated engine
What is a “restricted” category aircraft?
Surplus aircraft of the Armed Forces or aircraft previously type certificated in another category then modified
What is a “limited” category aircraft?
Surplus military aircraft that have been converted to civilian
What is a “light-sport” category aircraft?
Has not been previously issued an airworthiness certificate
Is in a condition for safe operation
Was built and tested to the applicable consensus standards by the aircraft’s manufacturer**
What is a “provisional” category aircraft?*
Special purpose operations
What is a “experimental” category aircraft?
Why would you need an experimental certificate?*
Does not have a type certificate
Is in a condition for safe operation
Was assembled without the supervision and quality control of the manufacturer*
To operate amateur built aircraft*
What is the first way parts are certificated?
What does this cover?
Technical Standard Order (TSO)
FAA approval of the design and manufacture of commonly interchangeable parts
What is the second way parts are certificated?*
What does this cover?
Parts Manufacture Approval (PMA)
FAA approval of the manufacture only of non- commonly interchangeable parts on an aircraft
What is a special flight permit?
Also know as?
Permission to get the aircraft to a repair or inspection station when it does not meet airworthiness standards
Ferry permit
How do you obtain a special flight permit?
Tell the FAA in writing:
Purpose of flight
Proposed itinerary; exact route and times
Crew required
How the aircraft does not meet airworthiness standards
Any restriction necessary for safe flight
Any other info necessary for the administrator to know
If we need to modify an individual aircraft, what form must the FAA approve?*
Form 337 major alteration or repair form
What is a Form 337?*
A request for engineering approval for the modification to an individual aircraft
Who reviews Form 337 and the modifications then approve or deny the engineering change?
The FAA’s engineers
Designated as Engineering Representatives (DER’s)
How many copies of each Form 337 are there?
Where are they kept?
Two copies
Owner’s records (aircraft logbooks)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma with the FAA
What are technical publications?*
List some examples
Documents produced by or approved by the FAA, the aircraft manufacturer, aircraft component manufacturers, or the airlines
Airworthiness Directives
Advisory Circulars
Service Bulletins
Mandatory Service bulletins
Service Letters
ATA Codes
Maintenance Manuals
Minimum Equipment Lists
Operation Specifications
What are airworthiness directives? Is it required to comply?*
Who is responsible for knowing and complying with AD?*
Rules issued by the FAA and must be complied with
The owner or operator
What is a “notice for proposed rule making” airworthiness directive?
Allows the public 60 days to comment after publication of intent by the FAA
After 60-days, considering the publics comments, the AD will be adopted, revised, or rejected
What is a “immediate adopted rule” airworthiness directive?
30 day comment period after publication of intent by the FAA and let’s the public prepare for the change
After 30-days, the AD will be adopted
What is a “emergency” airworthiness directive?
Immediately adopted and private owners notified via USPS, and airlines via direct contact
What is the purpose of an advisory circular?*
Who produces it? Is it required to comply?*
Provide guidance on how to conform to specific regulations
Produced by the FAA and compliance is voluntary
What does the number on the AC correspond with?
The 14 CFR regulations it is designed to help you comply with
What is the purpose of a service bulletin?*
Who issues it? Is it required to comply?*
Inform the owners about potential problems with the aircraft
Issued by aircraft and component manufacturers
Compliance is not required
When is a mandatory service bulletin (MSB) issued?
When a manufacturer, insurance company, or the FAA want to try to force the aircraft owner to comply
How can an aircraft owner be forced to comply with a MSB?
Any authorized repair/service center must perform MSB
Insurance companies require that all MSB be performed when aircraft are flown for hire
Compliance with MSB is required by the airline OP SPEC
The FAA may refer to a MSB in an AD which are required
What is a service letter?*
A means of providing non-critical information from manufacturers, or for clarifying maintenance manuals or pilot handbooks
Do you have to comply with service bulletins and service letters?*
Compliance is not required
Who writes and approves maintenance manuals?
Is compliance with approved manuals required?*
Written by the manufacturer and approved by the FAA
Compliance with approved manuals is required
What is the ultimate authority for what may be done to an aircraft?*
Maintenance manuals for aircraft, engines, propellers, appliances, and other components
_____ data supersedes any other source of _____ except _____.*
Manufacturer’s
information
airworthiness directives
What manual is considered to be a piece of aircraft equipment?*
The flight manual is considered a piece of aircraft equipment
Original must be onboard the aircraft at all times
What is an OP SPEC?
Who creates the OP SPEC?
Rules for operations and maintenance where not specifically covered by Federal regulations
Commercial airlines create their own
Who must approve an airline’s OP SPEC?
How are rules changed in the OP SPEC?
The FAA
Rules can only be changed with FAA approval
What is the Minimum Equipment List?
Is compliance required?
Tells what equipment or systems must be onboard the aircraft and functional
Compliance with the MEL is required
Who develops the MEL? Who approves it?
Developed by the aircraft manufacturer
Approved by the FAA
What do must the operator reference if there is no MEL?*
The minimum equipment listed in 14 CFR part 91.213
What is the ATA?
Air Transportation Association
(US based IATA)
Why were the ATA 100 Codes developed?
Do the codes change from aircraft to aircraft?
Standardize the order of maintenance manuals
No, data is arranged in the same order regardless of manufacturer
If mechanics enter the ATA code into the computer data base when they work on the aircraft, what information can be tracked by managers?
Where work is done
How long work is done on each part
What part of the aircraft requires more parts and tools
What kind of job skills are in the most demand in the maintenance shops
The ATA code should always be expressed as a three part number. What does each number stand for?
Ex: 26-22-03
Chapter/System (one of the 100 codes)
Subsystem (standardized within the 100 codes)
Unit in the subsystem (not standardized)
Does aircraft registration prove ownership?*
No
What is the purpose of aircraft registration?
How does the FAA and aircraft manufacturer use this information?
Match up the aircraft serial number, with the aircraft tail number, with the legal owner
FAA needs to send you AD’s
Manufacturers send service bulletins and service letters
Aircraft registration is good for life unless…?
Suspended or revoked by the FAA
Cancelled at the request of the owner to the FAA
Aircraft is destroyed or scrapped
Owner loses U.S. Citizenship
Owner has been dead for 30 days
Aircraft is shipped to a foreign country
The aircraft is sold to a new owner
What is a data plate?
It is considered to be…?*
Contains the serial number of the aircraft
Considered to theoretically be the aircraft
What happens to the data plate if the aircraft is scrapped or destroyed?
After rebuilding a destroyed aircraft, does it need a new data plate?
Scrapped: unless the data plate is scrapped the aircraft theoretically still exists
Destroyed: data plate taken, aircraft rebuilt, and the same data plate can be used
No, it can use the same data plate and that aircraft becomes the aircraft that was destroyed
Who must keep all maintenance records for all parts of an aircraft?*
Registered owner or operator
When do maintenance records need to be transferred? To who?*
At the time of sale of a U.S.-registered aircraft the records of that aircraft transfer to the purchaser
How long do records of work need to be retained?*
Do you have to keep every record of work?
Until work is repeated or superseded by other work for one 1 year after work is performed
You are not legally required to keep every record
What records need to be retained until work is repeated?
What must these records include?*
Maintenance
Alterations (Minor)
100 hour inspections
Annual inspections
Progressive inspections
Other inspection programs
Major Repairs (form 337)
Description of work performed
Date
Certificate number (and certificate type)*
Name of person approving return to service
What records must be kept forever?
T.T. (Total Time) in service of the airframe, engine, propeller
Current status of life limited parts (ex. hose lasts 7 years)
TSOH (Time Since Overhaul) for all parts requiring OH (Overhaul)
Identification of the current inspection program
Current status of AD’s
Copies of FAA Form 337 for each major alteration of the airframe, engine, propeller or appliance
What is the aircraft equivalent to a car ownership title?
Is there such thing as an aircraft title?*
Car ownership = title
Aircraft ownership = “Bill of sale”
There is no such thing as a “title” for an aircraft to prove ownership
What is an aircraft lien?
Who holds it?
A piece of paper the owner signs which allows the aircraft to be seized if the owner does not pay his or her loans back
The FAA records and holds documents called “liens” against the airplane
Do you own the aircraft if you have a lien?
You own the aircraft even if you owe money for it
What happens if you purchase an aircraft without knowing it has a lien?*
How can you avoid this?*
The loan holder can have the aircraft seized, regardless of who currently owns the aircraft, if the loan is unpaid
Have a lien search performed by the FAA
Who can file liens?
Money lenders and mechanics
