Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology Midterm 2 > Lecture 13: Sexually Transmitted Infections > Flashcards

Lecture 13: Sexually Transmitted Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What structure of Gonorrhea have

A

Gram-negative diplococcus (coffee beam shape)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Gonorrhea’s causative agent

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What age group is gonorrhea most common in

A

20-25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is Gonorrhea transmitted

A

through contact of mucous membranes (sexually or perinatally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is Gonorrhea better or worse than the 1990s

A

getting worse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does Gonorrhea require for culture

A

enriched medium (so it doesn’t dry out) and CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is Gonorrhea most commonly detected

A

PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Gonorrhea in men and women separately

A

Men: Mucopurulent urethritis (drainage or milk discharge in men from urethra)

Women: Mucopurulent cervicitis (inflammation of the cervix),
Pelvic inflammatory PID, which can lead to reduced fertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Gonorrhoea in both males and females

A

Pharyngitis (inflammation of the throat)

Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the eyes)

Disseminated gonococcal infection (spread throughout body) especially joint pain

Gonorrheal ophthalmia neonatorum (bacterial eye infection in new borns)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is gonorrhea diagnosed

A

Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) like PCR

Culture of urethral or cervical swabs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is NAAT or culture more sensitive and specific in Gonorrhea testing

A

Sensitive: NAAT is more sensitive than culture as molecular methods can also detect dead organisms

Specific: Very specific because if you grow gonorrhea on a plate there is no mistaking what it is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What medication is used to treat Gonorrhea

A

Cerfixime (cephalosporin, beta lactam) administered orally
or
Ceftriaxone (cephalosporin, beta lactam) administered intramuscularly through injection

With azithromycin for possible Chlamydia co-infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What medication is now not used with Gonorrhea

A

Ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolione) because of resistance

Many guidelines dont use Cerfixime anymore because it is becoming resistant so go straight to Ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What drug is given to someone who travelled or has multiple partners

A

Ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What STI is considered A-typical

A

Chlamydia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the causative agent of Chlamydia

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why is Chlamydia Atypical

A

Obligate intracellular bacteria with no cell wall, so cant be gram-stained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What STI has different serotypes

A

Chlamydia

Lymphogranuloma centrum (LGV) not in Canada

Eye diseases (trachoma) found in newborns and found in tropics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is Chlamydia detected

A

cannot be grown on artificial media, requires culture in cultured cells (human or animal cells to grow)

Molecular amplification testing (panther)/ NAAT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the reticulate body

A

actively replicating form found within cells

When mature, it causes cell rupture and fragments into many elementary bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the elementary body

A

Inert infectious form found on the surface of cells, invades cells (Transmitted form)

Don’t replicate within themselves they transfer to new hosts and bodies turn into reticulate bodies so they can replicate in the new host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What form of Chlamydia infects and how

A

Elementary bodies

Infects urethral, cervical, and conjunctival epithelial cells (eyes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What form of Chlamydia infects and how

A

Elementary bodies

Infects urethral, cervical, and conjunctival epithelial cells (eyes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is Chlamydia transported

A

through sexual contact or perinatally, direct contact to conjunctiva (eye)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What age group is most common to have Chlamydia
15-25 years old, females tend to younger than males
26
What does nongonococcal mean
See nothing on a gram stain, Chlamadia
27
What are the clinical manifestations of Chlamydia in men and women separately
Men: - Mucopurulent urethritis (drainage or milk discharge in men from urethra) - Epididymitis (inflammation of an area in the back of the testicle) Women: - Mucopurulent cervicitis (inflammation of the cervix) - Pelvic inflammatory disease, complications include ectopic pregnancy and sterility secondary to scarring
28
What are the clinical manifestations of Chlamydia in men and women both
Reactive arthritis (formally Reiter's syndrome) Urethritis: inflammation of the urethra Proctitis: inflammation around rectum or anus Conjunctivitis: pink eye, espically in new borns Trachoma: severe form of conjunctivitis in the tropics
29
How are Chlamydia specimens obtained
Men: urine samples (Now) Urethral swabs (Past) Women: Self-taken vaginal swabs Urine Endocervical swabs had to have a pap to have this done (past)
30
Treatment for Chlamydia
Doxycycline: can't use beta lactams because does have a cell wall to attack or azithromycin or erythromycin
31
What is syphilis's structure
Tightly coiled spirochaete (5-15 um length, 0.09-0.5 um diameter)
32
Who is syphilis most common in
increasing since 2000 in men with multiple male partners
33
How is syphilis transmitted
through sexual contact or transplacemntal (to fetus)
34
How is sphyilis viewed
Not easily cultured in lab, animal tissues are needed Too fine to gram stain, so we use "dark field microscopy"
35
What is dark field microscopy
Put organism on a black background and bounding light off the organism trying to encentuate its size (only done in Toronto) used on primary chancre
36
What are the congenial effects of Chlamydia
Bone, teeth, brain damage
37
What are the clinical presentations of syphilis
Primary syphilis (localized) Secondary syphilis (systemic) Tertiary syphilis (late)
38
What is latent infection
when you are asymptomatic and bypass the secondary stage of sypilis and go directly to the tertiary stage
39
What is primary syphilis
Presents 1-4 weeks post infectious contact Produces a chancre (painless ulceration) Heals spontaneously within weeks
40
What is secondary syphilis
Spirochactes are now in the blood full body skin rash (doesn't spare the palms or soles) "flu like illness" lymphadenopathy (swelling in lymph nodes)
41
What is tertiary syphilis
Cardiovascular (heart failure) and neurological (dementia, seizures, paralysis) Gumma (late cutaneous, bony, or visceral masses) in organs and soft tissues
42
What is the main way syphilis is diagnosed
serology is the main route of diagnosis Subdivided into 1) Nonspecific tests (non treponema tests) VDRL PRP 2) Specific tests (Treponemal tests) TPPA EIA
43
What is the treatment for syphilis
penicillin is the treatment of choice, doxycycline as an alternative (if allergy) Followed by PRP for response can be followed Longer treatment if CNS is involved
44
What is PRP
Rapid Plasma Reagin: used to follow resolution after established diagnosis Cheap but can lead to false positives as you read with your eyes You dilute blood serums- 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 If you are positive at 1:2 but negative after, then you have low levels of organism Can test RPR over treatment to see if you are getting better
45
What is a common co-infection in Syphilis
HIV
46
What is genital herpes structure
linear double stranded DNA virus
47
Neurotropic
invades nerves and becomes dormant (latent) within them, regrowth with cold sores or genital sores gives reactivation of infection
48
Who is genital herpes most common in
all
49
What are the types of gential herpes
herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or 2
50
How are genital herpes transmitted
through contact with person shedding virus
51
what is the sereoprevelance of HSV-2
20-80% have antibodies
52
What is the clinical presentation of genital herpes
1. Primary infection: fever, headache, malaise, myalgia Painful lesions on genitalia Dysuria (burning during urination) more common in women Vaginal or urethral discharge Tender inguinal adenopathy (groin nodes area) 2. Latent Shedding of virus without any lesions
53
What type of Genital herpes infection is more likely to reoccur
HSV-2 more than HSV-1 usually much less severe than primary infection usually localized to genital area 50% have prodromal symptoms (tingling, pain)
54
What does congential herpes look like
localized, CNS, disseminated (especially if mother has primary infection at delivery)
55
What type of diagnosis is used for genital herpes
Swabs of local lesions i) NAAT ii) culture on cells (less sensitive, laborious) Serology rarely used
56
What is the treatment for genital herpes
Antivirals (acyclovir, valaciclovir, famciclovir) Longterm prophylaxis may be necessary in frequency recurrent disease
57
What is genital warts caused by
human papillomaviruses Many serotypes, some found at different body sites that are not all STIs
58
How are genital warts transmitted
by direct sexual contact
59
What do genital warts look like
Skin growths on genitalia, perianal area May be asymptomatic Usually transient infection, resolving in months
60
How can Genital warts be removed
chemical means, freezing, or surgery

Microbiology Midterm 2 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions