Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CHI 108 > Lecture 13: CNS Part 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 13: CNS Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 regions of the brain stem?

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Label diagram on slide 4

A

D it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Label diagram on slide 5

A

Do it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the location of the mid brain? What does in control?

A

Located between the diencephalon and the pons
Midbrain nuclei:
-control cranial nerves 3 and 4
Has superior colliculi- visual reflex
Inferior colliculi- auditory relay centres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pons

Which cranial nerves sit on it?

A 
Origin of cranial nerves
-5- trigeminal 
-6 abducens 
-7- facial 
Nuclei help maintain normal rhythm of breathing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Medulla oblongata
What cranial nerves are associated with the medulla?
What are the autonomic reflex centres in it?

A 
Cranial nerves 8, 9, 10, 12
Autonomic reflex centres: 
Cardiovascular centre: 
-adjusts force and rate of heart contraction 
-adjusts blood pressure regulation 
Respiratory centres: 
-generates respiratory rhythm
-controls rate and depth of breathing 
Additional centres regulate: vomiting, hiccuping, swallowing, coughing, sneezing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cerebellum

A

Subconsciously provides precise timing and appropriate patterns of skeletal muscle contraction.

  • two hemispheres connected by the vermis
  • folia-transversely orientated gyri
  • arbor vitae- distinctive treelike pattern of the cerebellar white matter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the cerebellar processing for motor activity

A

Cerebellum receives impulses from the cerebral cortex of the intent to initiate voluntary contraction

  • signals from the proprioceptors and visual and equilibrium pathways continuously “inform” the cerebellum of the bodies position and momentum
  • cerebellar cortex calculates the best way to smoothly coordinate a muscle contraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Limbic system

A

Emotional brain
Recognises angry or fearful facial expressions, assesses danger, and elicits the fear response
-we can react emotionally to things we consciously understand to be happening
Puts emotional responses to odours eg skunks smell bad
Plays a role in memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Spinal cord
Location
Functions
Protection of cord

A

Location: starts at foramen magnum
-ends at conus medullaris at L1 vertebra in adults
Functions:
-provides two way communication to and from the brain
-contains spinal reflex centres
Protection of cord:
-bone, meninges, and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
-cushion of fat and network of veins in the epidural space between the vertebrae and spinal dura mater
-CSF in subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Spinal cord
Number of spinal nerves
Cervical and lumbar enlargements
What is the collection of nerve roots at the inferior end if the vertebral canal

A

There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves
Cervical and lumbar enlargements
-the nerves serving the upper and lower limbs emerge here
The cauda equina is the collection if nerve roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Be able to label diagram on slide 22

A

Do it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The spinal cord and its meningeal coverings

Label diagram on slide 23

A

Do it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the three layers of protective covering of the spinal cord

A

Deepest
Is pia mater
Arachnoid mater
Spinal dura mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the regions of the white matter in the spinal cord

A

Dorsal horns- afferent: receive somatic and visceral sensory input
Ventral horns- efferent: somatic motor neurons
Lateral horns- (mainly in thoracic region)
-part or sympathetic nervous system
Dorsal root (spinal) ganglia: contain cell bodies of sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Heat does the white matter consist of in the spinal cord?

A 
Consists of: 
Ascending (sensory) tracts
Descending (motor) tracts 
Tracts are located in white columns 
Each spinal tract is composed if axons with similar functions
17
Q

Ascending pathways: afferent

A

Via the thalamus
-then to the cortex
-transmits pain, temp, and coarse touch impulses
Directly to the cerebellum
-convey information about muscle if tendon stretch to the cerebellum

18
Q

Descending pathways: efferent

A

Deliver efferent impulses from brain to spinal cord

  • regulates fast and fine (skilled) movements
  • axial muscles that maintain balance and posture
  • muscles controlling coarse movement
  • head neck and eye movements that follow objects.
19
Q

Ventricles of the brain

A

Connected to one another and to the central canal of the spinal cord
Contain cerebrospinal fluid
-2 C-shaped lateral ventricles in the cerebral hemispheres
-3rd ventricle in the diencephalon
-4th ventricle in the hindbrain, dorsal to the pons, develops from the lumen of the neural tube
Cerebral aqueduct
-channel between third and 4th ventricle

20
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus: forms the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles
Hypothalamus: forms the inferolateral walls of the 3rd ventricle
-Infundibulum- stalk that connects to the pituitary gland
Epithalamus-forms the posterior wall of the 4th ventricle

21
Q

What features house and protect the brain?

A

Bone (skull)
Membrane (meninges)
Watery cushion (cerebrospinal fluid)
Blood brain barrier

22
Q

Role of the meninges. Name them all and their functions

A 
Cover and protect the CNS 
Contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 
Form partitions in the skull 
3 layers: 
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
23
Q

Dura mater

A

Strongest meninges
Has 2 layers of Fibrous connective tissue (around the brain) separate to form dural sinuses
Dural septa limit excessive movement of the brain

24
Q

Arachnoid mater

A
  • Middle layer with web like extensions
  • Separated from the dura mater by the subdural space
  • subarachnoid space contains CSF and blood vessels
  • arachnoid villi protrude into the superior sagittal sinus and permit CSF reabsorption.
25
Q

Pia mater

A

Layer of delicate vascularised connective tissue that clings tightly to the brain.

26
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A 
Production of the choroid plexus
-produces CSF at a constant rate
-found in each ventricle 
-clusters if capillaries are enclosed by pia mater and a layer of ependymal cells 
Reabsorption via the arachnoid villi in dural sinuses 
Composition
-watery solution 
-constant volume 
Functions: 
-gives buoyancy to the CNS organs 
-protects the CNS from blow and other trauma 
-nourishes the brain
27
Q

What is the function of the blood brain barrier. What’s its composition

A

Helps maintain a stable environment for the brain
Separates neurons from some blood borne substances
Selective barrier:
-allows nutrients to move via facilitated diffusion
-allows any fat soluble substances to pass, including alcohol
Composition:
-continuous endothelium of capillary walls
-feet of astrocytes-most abundant CNS neuroganglia

CHI 108 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions