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BSI II exam 2 material > Lecture 13: Anatomy of the CV system > Flashcards

Lecture 13: Anatomy of the CV system Flashcards

1
Q

Which veins carry oxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary veins

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2
Q

Where is the mitral valve?

A

between left atrium and ventricle

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3
Q

If you occlude the right common iliac artery, blood flow will be diminished to what area of the body?

A

right leg

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4
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

In the mediastinum between the lungs, just superior to the diaphragm

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5
Q

What cavity is the heart in?

A

the heart is in the pericardial cavity

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6
Q

What is the heart shaped like?

A

cone

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7
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

Serous membrane that surrounds and protects the heart

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8
Q

How many layers does the pericardium have?

A

two

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9
Q

Describe the outer parietal layer (layer of the pericardium).

A

It’s made up of dense irregular connective tissue

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10
Q

Describe the inner visceral layer (layer of the pericardium). 3 facts…

A
  1. adheres to the heart
  2. epithelial cells that secrete pericardial fluid into the pericardial cavity (space between layers of pericardium)
  3. percardial fluid reduces friction between layers
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11
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

A

Endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium

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12
Q

Where is the opening of the coronary sinus, superior vena cava, and inferior vena cava?

A

in the right atrium

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13
Q

Describe the endocardium

A

It is the innermost layer of the heart. It is composed of a thin layer of endothelium over a thin layer of connective tissue. It is continuous with the endothelium of vessels that open into the heart chambers and lines the entire CV system.

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14
Q

Name two facts about the myocardium

A
  1. middle, thickest layer of the heart

2. composed of cardiac muscle tissue

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15
Q

What is the epicardium?

A

visceral layer of the pericardium

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16
Q

Which two valves are located on the right side of the heart?

A

Tricuspid valve and pulmonary valve

17
Q

Which two valves are on the left side of the heart?

A

bicuspid valve and aortic valve

18
Q

What is the tricuspid valve also called?

A

atrioventricular vavle

19
Q

what is the pulmonary valve also called?

A

semilunar valve

20
Q

What are two other names for the bicuspid valve?

A
  1. mitral valve

2. atrioventricular valve

21
Q

Which valves are the only valves that have chordae tendineae and papillary muscle associated with them?

A

atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and bicuspid)

22
Q

What is one function of the valves?

A

preventing backflow

23
Q

Where does the left and right coronary artery branch off from?

A

ascending aorta

24
Q

The left coronary artery branches off into what?

A

anterior interventricular branch & circumflex branch

25
Q

The right coronary artery branches off into what?

A

posterior interventricular branch & marginal branch

26
Q

What 3 arteries branch off of the arch of the aorta?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

27
Q

What does the brachiocephalic trunk branch off into?

A

Right common carotid artery & right subclavian artery

28
Q

What does the descending aorta (abdominal aorta) divide into?

A

left & right common iliac

29
Q

Describe the SPECIFIC path of blood flow.

A

right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary circulation, left atrium, left ventricle, systemic circulation

30
Q

Describe the GENERAL path of blood flow.

A

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

31
Q

When blood picks up oxygen and is fully oxygenated (arterial blood), what should the PO2 be?

A

100mmHg

32
Q

What is the PO2 of venous blood?

A

40mmHg

33
Q

What is the PO2 of blood returning to the right atrium?

A

40mmHg (deoxygenated blood)

34
Q

In terms of pressure, which way does blood flow?

A

From higher pressure to lower pressure

BSI II exam 2 material (14 decks)

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