Lecture 13: Anatomy of the CV system Flashcards
Which veins carry oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary veins
Where is the mitral valve?
between left atrium and ventricle
If you occlude the right common iliac artery, blood flow will be diminished to what area of the body?
right leg
Where is the heart located?
In the mediastinum between the lungs, just superior to the diaphragm
What cavity is the heart in?
the heart is in the pericardial cavity
What is the heart shaped like?
cone
What is the pericardium?
Serous membrane that surrounds and protects the heart
How many layers does the pericardium have?
two
Describe the outer parietal layer (layer of the pericardium).
It’s made up of dense irregular connective tissue
Describe the inner visceral layer (layer of the pericardium). 3 facts…
- adheres to the heart
- epithelial cells that secrete pericardial fluid into the pericardial cavity (space between layers of pericardium)
- percardial fluid reduces friction between layers
What are the 3 layers of the heart?
Endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium
Where is the opening of the coronary sinus, superior vena cava, and inferior vena cava?
in the right atrium
Describe the endocardium
It is the innermost layer of the heart. It is composed of a thin layer of endothelium over a thin layer of connective tissue. It is continuous with the endothelium of vessels that open into the heart chambers and lines the entire CV system.
Name two facts about the myocardium
- middle, thickest layer of the heart
2. composed of cardiac muscle tissue
What is the epicardium?
visceral layer of the pericardium
Which two valves are located on the right side of the heart?
Tricuspid valve and pulmonary valve
Which two valves are on the left side of the heart?
bicuspid valve and aortic valve
What is the tricuspid valve also called?
atrioventricular vavle
what is the pulmonary valve also called?
semilunar valve
What are two other names for the bicuspid valve?
- mitral valve
2. atrioventricular valve
Which valves are the only valves that have chordae tendineae and papillary muscle associated with them?
atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and bicuspid)
What is one function of the valves?
preventing backflow
Where does the left and right coronary artery branch off from?
ascending aorta
The left coronary artery branches off into what?
anterior interventricular branch & circumflex branch
The right coronary artery branches off into what?
posterior interventricular branch & marginal branch
What 3 arteries branch off of the arch of the aorta?
Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
What does the brachiocephalic trunk branch off into?
Right common carotid artery & right subclavian artery
What does the descending aorta (abdominal aorta) divide into?
left & right common iliac
Describe the SPECIFIC path of blood flow.
right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary circulation, left atrium, left ventricle, systemic circulation
Describe the GENERAL path of blood flow.
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
When blood picks up oxygen and is fully oxygenated (arterial blood), what should the PO2 be?
100mmHg
What is the PO2 of venous blood?
40mmHg
What is the PO2 of blood returning to the right atrium?
40mmHg (deoxygenated blood)
In terms of pressure, which way does blood flow?
From higher pressure to lower pressure
