Lecture 13

Question 1

How do vocal tracts give rise to resonances?

Answer 1

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Question 2

What are resonances?

Answer 2

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Question 3

What is a good simple model for the vocal tract?

Answer 3

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Question 4

What is the tube model for the vocal tract? Draw? Variables?

Answer 4

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Question 5

What is the equation for sound propagation? What are the variables in this equation?

Answer 5

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Question 6

How to solve this equation?

Answer 6

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Question 7

What is an ansatz? What do the different variables of the equation stand for?

Answer 7

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Question 8

What are the different travelling waves?

Answer 8

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Question 9

What is the wave velocity?

Answer 9

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Question 10

What is the complex conjugate? Why is it added?

Answer 10

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Question 11

How to carry on solving the equation? What are the different steps?

Answer 11

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Question 12

How can you use this equation to calculate the speed of water?

Answer 12

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Question 13

What does this mean?

Answer 13

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Question 14

What is the difference of the speed of sound and compressibility in water?

Answer 14

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Question 15

What is the dispersion relation?

Answer 15

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Question 16

What is the speed of sound in air?

Answer 16

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Question 17

What are boundary conditions? What is it important for?

Answer 17

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Question 18

What are we setting as the boundary conditions? Why?

Answer 18

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Question 19

What happens to the pressure at the larynx?

Answer 19

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Question 20

What is the pressure at the mouth? Why?

Answer 20

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Question 21

What can be a similar model to this tube model?

Answer 21

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Question 22

How does the Ansatz fit with the boundary conditions?
a. Pressure x=0?
Pressure x=L?

Answer 22

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Question 23

What interesting things can happen with the ended pf term? What would happen to the pressure at a certain value?

Answer 23

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Question 24

When does this happen?

Answer 24

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Question 25

What is the fundamental frequency? What would multiples of Pi of this give?

Answer 25

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Question 26

What does the length of the tube determine? What happens when change the length?

Answer 26

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Question 27

What is the connection to the z transform? What is the process?

Answer 27

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Question 28

What is the time difference between data points?

Answer 28

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Question 29

How to achieve the discrete time series for the pressure?

Answer 29

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Question 30

What is the z-transform of this time series? What happens to the time variable?

Answer 30

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Question 31

Compare this to the discrete Fourier transform? What does the z transform change into? What is the connection between the two?

Answer 31

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Question 32

What if you put the tube model into the Z transform?

Answer 32

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Question 33

What does the one tube model mean for resonances?

Answer 33

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Question 34

What is the real vocal tract model? What is the consequence of this?

Answer 34

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Question 35

What is the actual Z transform?

Answer 35

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Question 36

What can the actual time points of pressure be represented as? What is a property of this equation? What is the equation called?

Answer 36

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Question 37

What is linear predictive coding? What can predict with it?

Answer 37

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Question 38

What would every vowel lead to? Why? What is a consequence of this?

Answer 38

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