Lecture 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscle group is derived directly from myotome portions of somites?

A

axial

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2
Q

What is metamerism?

A

segmental arrangement

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3
Q

WHich muscle groups display a metamerism?

A

axial and branchiometric

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4
Q

Which muscles are innervated by spinal nerves?

A

axial and appendicular

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5
Q

Branchiometric muscle groups are formed from

A

formed from embryonic mescenchyme associated with the pharyngeal arches.

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6
Q

Which muscle group is innervated by cranial nerves

A

branchiomeric

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7
Q

What do appendicular muscle groups form from?

A

limb bud mesenchyme

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8
Q

In gnathostomes axial muscles are typically divided into

A

• epaxial (more dorsal) and hypaxial (more ventral) muscles.

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9
Q

The Epaxial and Hypaxial parts are separated form each other by….

A

a fibrous tissue partition called the horizontal septum

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10
Q

the horizontal septum is not present in

A

cyclostomes

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11
Q

What separates individual myomers?

A

transverse septa

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12
Q

What innervates the lateral rectus muscle?

A

Abducens CN VI

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13
Q

What innervates the superior oblique?

A

Trochlear nerve CN IV

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14
Q

What does the occulomotor nerve (CNIII) Innervate?

A

♣ Inferior rectus
♣ Medial rectus
♣ Inferior rectus
♣ Inferior oblique

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15
Q

What is a myomere?

A

segments that make up the axial musculature

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16
Q

Describe the axial musculature of the amphibian and relate to that of a fish:

A

Reduction in epaxial muscles
Division of hypaxial mm into layers
Increase in mass and complexity of limb muscles.

NOTE: Fish need to have the axial musculature to swim… the lizards and crap need to use their limbs to get around.

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17
Q

describe the axial musculature of an amniote (reptile and mammal) and relate to that of a typical fish and an amphibian.

Dorsalis truncus subdivided into 3 longitudinal columns named:

A

transversospinalis
Longissiumus dorsi
Iliocostalis

18
Q

Epaxial muscles are reduced in what reptile?

19
Q

Hypaxial layers are divided into three layers as in

A

amphibians

20
Q

Thoracic region:

A

external oblique

  • supracostals
  • innercostals

Internal oblique
-deeper intercostals

Transversus
-subcostals

21
Q

Escribe Epaxial:

A

intrinsic
deep
above dorsal ribs and vertebral transverse processes
innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves

22
Q

Descrive hypaxial

A

extrinsic
superficial
below dorsal ribs and lateral to the ventral ribs if present
innervated by the ventral rami of spinal nerves

23
Q

superficial back muscles:

A

splenius capitis

splenius cervicis

24
Q

intermediate back muscles

A

iliocostalis
longissiumus
spinalis

25
deep back muscles:
semispinalis multifidus rotatores
26
Muscles of the gill arch region arise form the _______________ embryonic mesenchyme instead of somites.
embryonic mesenchyme
27
Gill arch I is called
mandibular
28
what innervates the gill arch I
CN V trigeminal
29
Gill arch II is called
hyoid
30
What innervates gill arch II?
CN VII facial nerve
31
Gill arch III is innervated by
CN IX: Glossopharyngeal nerve
32
all the remaining gill arches are innervated by
CN X: Vagus nerve
33
Function of mammalian masseter:
Elevates and protracts mandible
34
function of mammalian temporalis:
elevates and retracts mandible
35
function of lateral pterygoid
protracts mandible, depresses chin (bilateral; grinding (unilateral))
36
Function of mammalian pterygoid:
elevates, protracts, grinding (unilateral)
37
All the muscles of mastication are innervated by which nerve?
CN V
38
Attachments for masseter:
zygomatic bone to lateral surface of ramus and coronoid process
39
attachments for temporalis:
temporal fossa and fascia to coronoid process
40
attachments lateral pterygoid
lateral pterygoid plate and sphenoid to front of mandible and TMJ
41
attachments of medial pterygoid:
lateral pterygoid plate and maxilla to medial surface of mandible near angle.
42
Why does the diagastric muscle have 2 sources of innervation?
has 2 bellies: Anterior: supplied by trigeminal via the myohyoid nerve, a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve, itself a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. Posterior belly: supplied by the digastric branch of the facial nerve