Lecture 13

Question 1

Orbital diagrams

Answer 1

Use a box, for each orbital and arrows are used to represent electrons and direction of spin (up or down)

Question 2

Recurring pattern in electron configurations is the bases for…

Answer 2

Recurring pattern in element behavior

Question 3

Reactive metal electron configuration

Answer 3

ns^2

Question 4

Reactive nonmetal electron configuration

Answer 4

ns^2p^2

Question 5

Periodic properties that directly influence electron configurations

Answer 5

1. Atomic size
2. Ionization energy
3. Electron affinity

Question 6

Periodic trends

Answer 6

Atomic size, ionization energy, electron affinity, metallic character

Question 7

Atomic size

Answer 7

Determined by measuring the distance between adjacent nuclei in sample of element

Question 8

Covalent radius

Answer 8

1/2 distance between nuclei of 2 identical covalently bound atoms

Question 9

Van der waals radius

Answer 9

1/2 distance between nuclei of 2 identical non-bonded atoms

Question 10

Main group electrons: Down a group

Answer 10

• n (up), Zeff constant
• outer electron = further from nucleus
• additional inner electrons shield over electrons (Zeff)
• electrons are easier to remove

Question 11

Main group electrons: across a row

Answer 11

• n constant, Zeff
• outer electrons pulled closer to nucleus
• shielding constant (no additional inner electrons)
• electrons are harder to remove

Question 12

1st ionization energy

Answer 12

Energy required for a complete removal of 1 mol (outermost) electrons from 1mol gaseous atoms/ions

Question 13

2nd ionization energy

Answer 13

Energy required for a complete removal of second outer electron from 1 mol gaseous atoms/ions

Question 14

Shielding

Answer 14

By other electrons reduces the full nuclear charge to an effective nuclear charge