Lecture 12

Question 1

The energies of atomic orbitals are affected by…

Answer 1

1. Nuclear charge
2. Shielding by other electrons
3. Orbital penetration (how close e-s approach nucleus)

Question 2

Effective nuclear charge (Zeff)

Answer 2

The nuclear charge that an electron actually experiences (reduced by shielding)

Question 3

If the effective nuclear charge increases then…

Answer 3

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom increases

Question 4

Coulomb’s law

Answer 4

E = (Q1 * Q2) / r
r - distance
Q - charge

Question 5

Shielding

Answer 5

Done by other electrons and reduces the full nuclear charge to an effective nuclear charge

Question 6

Distance effect

Answer 6

Distance (down), energy or e- (up)
Distance (up) energy of e- (down)

When nucleus and e- are far apart, LESS STABLE when close together

Question 7

Charge effect

Answer 7

When nucleus has high charge, MORE STABLE than nucleus having low charge

Question 8

Penetration

Answer 8

Caused by orbital shape
Increases nuclear attraction and decreases shielding

Question 9

Inner core electrons

Answer 9

Those the atom had in common with the precious noble gas

Question 10

Outer core electrons

Answer 10

Those the highest energy level (furthest from nucleus)

Question 11

Valence electron

Answer 11

Those involved in forming bonds

Question 12

Electron configurations chart

Answer 12

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5d 6d 7p

Question 13

Pauli exclusion principle

Answer 13

No two electrons has the same set of quantum numbers

Question 14

Aufbau principle

Answer 14

Lowest energy level gets filled first before moving up

Question 15

Hunds rule

Answer 15

Electrons have to have opposite spin to maximize spin