Lecture 12- Vibrio Species Flashcards
(41 cards)
Vibrio sp.
- nonspore-forming, gram-negative
- vibrio shaped bacterium
What are the 3 species of vibrio that are known to cause most infections?
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibrio vulnificus
Vibrio cholera
The vibrio infection are most associated with what?
Seafood consumption
-vibrio in water are part of the natural microbiota of the water
Is vibrio caused by fecal contamination?
No, the fecal oral route does not apply to Vibrio
What is the serotypes of v.parahaemolyticus?
LPS (O) antigen, and capsular polysaccharide (K) antigen
What is the generation time and temperature for V.parahaemolyticus?
Generation time: 8-9min at 37C
-the ability to grow rapidly means that contaminated food becomes highly colonized if temperature abused
Symptoms of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
appear 4-30 hours after ingestion of contaminated food
- D, N, V, abd cramps, fever
- subside in 3-5 days
How many flagellum does v. parahaemolyticus have and where is it located?
single flagellum at one pole of the bacterium is required for swimming motility
-during growth in semi-solid media, flagella are produced along the lateral side of the bacterium
What is the role of MAM7 in v. parahaemolyticus?
Multivalent adhesion PRO that binds to fibronectin and phosphatidic acid which is required for the initial attachment to host cells
What are the haemolysis factors that v. parahaemolyticus have?
-Fe transporters are internalized by diff membrane receptors on the outer membrane of the bacteria and transported to the cytoplasm by different ABC complexes.
What are the 3 toxins produced by v. parahaemolyticus?
- thermoliable haemolysin (tlh)
- thermostable direct haemolysin (tdh)
- thermostable direct-realted haemolysin (trh)
How are thermostable direct haemolysin (TDH) and thermoliable haemolysin (TLH) secreted?
secreted from the bacteria and form tetrameric pore complexes in the host membrane
the pores allow ions to flow freely across the host membrane which leads to hemolysis or cytotoxicity
What functions do T3SS1 effectors have?
VopQ, VopR, VopS, and VPA0450 are effectors that are translocated into the host cells to cause cytoxicity in different cell types such as macrophages and HeLa cells
Where is T3SS1 found?
in all V.parahaemolyticus isolates, even non-pathogenic isolates, indicating an imp. role in the environment
What function do T3SS2 effectors have?
Vop A, VopC, VopL, VopT are translocated into host cells to cause cytotoxicity of colon epithelial cells or enterotoxicity within the host
Where is T3SS2 found?
mainly in clinical isolates indicating that it is more tightly ties to a pathogenic lifestyle
What are the 4 effector of T3SS1?
VopQ, VopR, VopS, and VPA0450
What are the 4 effectors of T3SS2?
VopA, VopC, VopL, and VopT
Which species has the most serious infection and is responsible for 95% of seafood related deaths in North America?
V. vulnificus
What are the 3 biotypes of v. vulnificus?
- Causes diseases in humans
- causes disease in eels, rarely in humans
- hybrid of type 1 and 2, found only in Israel
What is the primary syndrome of v. vulnificus?
Primary septicemia caused by consumption raw or undercooked seafood
What is the second syndrome of v. vulnificus?
necrotizing wound infection which results from an open wound being exposed to warm seawater, or contaminated seafood, with high concentration of v. vulnificus
Fatality rate of primary septicemia from v. vulnificus?
60% –> high usually from the consumption of oysters
Symptoms of v. vulnificus?
appear 7 hours to several days after exposure
-fever, chills, N, hypotension