Lecture 12 Flashcards
NOAA-AVHRR general uses
Good for cloud cover, surface-temp mapping, snow-ice discrimination
Know for each sensor
Not spatial temporal res, but know idea–for application (round numbers)
What AVHRR calibration?
Thermal and visible channels
Geolocation ocrrection to 1 px
Sonalr zenith angle
AVHRR data processiong
Absorption and scattering of solar radiation (atmospheric effects)
Spectral broadening for albedo ((make realtionship between spectral albedo and albedo)
LOWTRAN 7 atmospheric model with radiosonde data input
Why is Greenland white?
High albedo
What is AVHRR Pathfinder Atmosphere (PATMOS)?
see slide on paper
Note: good for large events
ENSO
tba
aerosol optical thickness
how much radiation is removed by clouds
DMSP
Defense Meteorological Sat Program
Provides global visible and IR cloud date, etc
advantage of sensor: equal size pixel at center and nadir because has a zoom lens
ERS-1/2
sea surface temp (SST) and ice surface tempt (IST)
ATSR, advanced ATSR
Along-track scanning radiometer on ERS-1, AATSR on ERS-2
NOTE different conical scanning
MWS
Microwave sounder for moisture content (more later)
Nimbus CZCS
Nimbus Coastal Zone Color Scanner
Better understanding of temporal and spatial distribution of phytoplankton biomass and primary production–it’s a carbon sink
Nimbus CZCS application
Measure concentration of chlorophyll-a (absorbs blue and red) and phaeophytin (green pigment in algae)
• Map biologically productive area
• Map suspended sediment distribution and determine the type of materials suspended in the water
• Map Gelbstoffe (yellow substances) as indicator of salinity
• Detect pollutants in the upper level of the oceans
• Map temperature of coastal waters and the open ocean
• Study the interactions between coastal effluents and open waters
SeaWiFS
Sea-Viewing Wide Field of View Sensor (on board SeaStar satellite)
GOES, METEOSAT (MSG), MTSAT, METEOR
Geostationary weather satellites
GOES- USA
METEOSAT (MSG) - Europe
MTSAT - Japan
METEOR - Russia
How big is the area covered by geostationary satellite?
Fixed area–need many satellites, maybe 1/3 of Earth
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)
Geostationary satellites: Continuous observations from a single platform of 1/3 of the earth
• The GOES program grew out of the successful use of geostationary weather satellites with experimental SMS-1/2. Like many weather satellites, GOES was developed and launched by NASA, but once operational GOES was turned over to NOAA for day to day administration
• The provision of timely global weather information, including advance warning of developing storms, is the primary function of GOES. GOES imagery is commonly featured on many TV weather reports across the United States and the world. The GOES Program maintains 2 satellites operating in conjunction to provide observational coverage of 60% of the earth
GOES imager
shortwave=thermal
