Lecture 12

Question 1

NOAA-AVHRR general uses

Answer 1

Good for cloud cover, surface-temp mapping, snow-ice discrimination

Question 2

Know for each sensor

Answer 2

Not spatial temporal res, but know idea–for application (round numbers)

Question 3

What AVHRR calibration?

Answer 3

Thermal and visible channels
Geolocation ocrrection to 1 px
Sonalr zenith angle

Question 4

AVHRR data processiong

Answer 4

Absorption and scattering of solar radiation (atmospheric effects)
Spectral broadening for albedo ((make realtionship between spectral albedo and albedo)
LOWTRAN 7 atmospheric model with radiosonde data input

Question 5

Why is Greenland white?

Answer 5

High albedo

Question 6

What is AVHRR Pathfinder Atmosphere (PATMOS)?

Answer 6

see slide on paper

Note: good for large events

Question 7

ENSO

Answer 7

tba

Question 8

aerosol optical thickness

Answer 8

how much radiation is removed by clouds

Question 9

DMSP

Answer 9

Defense Meteorological Sat Program
Provides global visible and IR cloud date, etc
advantage of sensor: equal size pixel at center and nadir because has a zoom lens

Question 10

ERS-1/2

Answer 10

sea surface temp (SST) and ice surface tempt (IST)

Question 11

ATSR, advanced ATSR

Answer 11

Along-track scanning radiometer on ERS-1, AATSR on ERS-2

NOTE different conical scanning

Question 12

MWS

Answer 12

Microwave sounder for moisture content (more later)

Question 13

Nimbus CZCS

Answer 13

Nimbus Coastal Zone Color Scanner

Better understanding of temporal and spatial distribution of phytoplankton biomass and primary production–it’s a carbon sink

Question 14

Nimbus CZCS application

Answer 14

Measure concentration of chlorophyll-a (absorbs blue and red) and phaeophytin (green pigment in algae)
• Map biologically productive area
• Map suspended sediment distribution and determine the type of materials suspended in the water
• Map Gelbstoffe (yellow substances) as indicator of salinity
• Detect pollutants in the upper level of the oceans
• Map temperature of coastal waters and the open ocean
• Study the interactions between coastal effluents and open waters

Question 15

SeaWiFS

Answer 15

Sea-Viewing Wide Field of View Sensor (on board SeaStar satellite)

Question 16

GOES, METEOSAT (MSG), MTSAT, METEOR

Answer 16

Geostationary weather satellites

GOES- USA
METEOSAT (MSG) - Europe
MTSAT - Japan
METEOR - Russia

Question 17

How big is the area covered by geostationary satellite?

Answer 17

Fixed area–need many satellites, maybe 1/3 of Earth

Question 18

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)

Answer 18

Geostationary satellites: Continuous observations from a single platform of 1/3 of the earth
• The GOES program grew out of the successful use of geostationary weather satellites with experimental SMS-1/2. Like many weather satellites, GOES was developed and launched by NASA, but once operational GOES was turned over to NOAA for day to day administration
• The provision of timely global weather information, including advance warning of developing storms, is the primary function of GOES. GOES imagery is commonly featured on many TV weather reports across the United States and the world. The GOES Program maintains 2 satellites operating in conjunction to provide observational coverage of 60% of the earth

Question 19

GOES imager

Answer 19

shortwave=thermal