Lecture 12 Flashcards
What is Knowledge?
Understanding and awareness gained through experience, education, or reasoning.
What is Intelligence?
The capacity to learn, understand, and apply knowledge effectively.
What are Necessary and Sufficient conditions?
Necessary conditions must be present for category membership; sufficient conditions guarantee membership.
What is Identification as a Test?
Using category-defining traits to evaluate membership.
What is Satisficing?
Choosing an option that meets minimum criteria instead of optimizing.
What are Characteristic Properties?
Traits commonly associated with a category, though not essential for membership.
What is Family Resemblance?
Categories grouped based on overlapping features rather than strict definitions.
What are Categories?
Mental groupings of objects, events, or ideas.
What is Inference from Category?
Drawing conclusions about an object based on its category.
What are Prototypes?
Abstract, idealized representations of a category.
What is High/Low Prototypicality?
High: Close to the prototype; Low: Far from the prototype.
What is the Typicality Effect?
Faster recognition of high-prototypical items compared to low-prototypical ones.
What is Category Priming (Rosch 1975)?
Exposure to category-related stimuli speeds recognition.
What are Exemplars?
Specific examples stored in memory used for categorization.
What did Medin et al. (1982) propose?
Categories are formed by comparing to exemplars, not abstract prototypes.
