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BISC 101 Lecture Flashcards > Lecture 11: Plant Structure > Flashcards

Lecture 11: Plant Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the key features/functions (4) of a plant?

A
  • gain energy through photosynthesis
  • nutrients are absorbed through roots
  • grow indeterminately
  • stationary
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2
Q

Define: angiosperm vs gymnosperm

A
  • angiosperm: flowering plants

- gymnosperm: coniferous trees

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3
Q

What is meant by phenotype plasticity?

A

the ability of one genotype to produce more than one phenotype when exposed to different environments

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4
Q

What is the general function of roots(2)?

A
  • nutrient uptake and plant anchoring
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5
Q

Besides the main 2 general functions of plant roots, what are 3 other specialised functions of some plant species?

A
  • storage (carrots and beats)
  • anchoring (ivy)
  • adventitious roots (roots that arise from non root tissue in response to stress conditions)
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6
Q

What is meant by morphologic diversity?

A
  • evolutionary adaptations to the environment
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7
Q

There’s a wide diversity of leaves. Why?

A

Maximize SA while surviving environment (H2O dissapation) lead to evolutionary changes

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8
Q

List the 6 modified stems we discussed in class.

A
  • cactus
  • thorns
  • tubers
  • floral mimics
  • traps
  • bulbs
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9
Q

Explain the modified stem: cactus

A
  • enlarged stem for water storage
  • photosynthetic tissue on stem
  • modified leaves to protect against herbivores (spiky)
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10
Q

Explain the modified stem: thorns

A
  • modified stem tissue to protect against herbivores
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11
Q

Explain the modified stem: tubers

A
  • stems grow underground and store carbs (starch like potatoes)
  • nodes in stems give rise to new branches
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12
Q

Explain the modified stem: floral mimics

A
  • attract pollinators
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13
Q

Explain the modified stem: traps

A
  • trap insects
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14
Q

Explain the modified stem: bulbs

A
  • thickened leaves store nutrients
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15
Q

Identify the structures with the red squares in the plant cell drawing

A
  • see google doc
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16
Q

define: plasmodesmata

A
  • gaps that connect adjacent cells
17
Q

What are the 4 distinguishing structures in a plant cell that don’t exist in animals

A
  • cell wall
  • vacuole
  • chloroplast
  • plasmodesmata
18
Q

List the 3 plant tissue systems

A
  • dermal
  • ground
  • vascular
19
Q

Explain the plant tssue system: dermal tissue

  • aka
  • function
  • examples (3)
A
  • AKA epidermis
  • function: protect cell from water loss, disease, etc
  • cuticle, stomata, trichomes
20
Q

Explain the plant tissue system: ground tissue

- what are the 3 types

A
  • parenchyma
  • collenchyma
  • sclerenchyma
21
Q

Explain the plant tissue system: vascular tissue

- what are the 2 types; explain their functions

A
  • xylem: transport H2O and dissolved nutrients from root to shoot
  • phloem: transport sugars, amino acids, etc in both directions (root to shoot, shoot to root)
22
Q

define: trichomes

A
  • hair-like structures; physical deterrance against insects
23
Q

Explain this type of ground tissue: parenchyma

A
  • workhorse cells: involved in photosynthesis and storage; totipotent (can form a new plant)
24
Q

Explain this type of ground tissue: collenchyma

A
  • flexible, structural support
25
Q

Explain this type of ground tissue: sclerenchyma

A
  • structural support fibres: often dead tissue

- form the thick secondary wall made of lignin

26
Q

Explain: meristems

A
  • undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into distinct cells with specific properties
27
Q

Define: apical meristems (location and function)

A
  • located at the tip of root and shoots

- responsible for primary growth

28
Q

What are 3 types of primary meristems

A
  • ground meristem: ground tissue
  • protoderm: dermal tissue
  • procambium: vascular tissue
29
Q

In a root, there are 3 zones. Can you state them and what falls under each zone?

A
  • see google doc
30
Q

What is the purpose of primary growth (2)?

A
  • increases length of root and shoot

- increases absorption of light and nutrients

31
Q

If shown a cross section of a root or shoot, can you identify the 3 types of tissue systems?

A
  • see google doc
32
Q

What is the purpose of secondary growth?

A
  • increases width of roots and shoots

- only in plants with cambium (special type of meristem; aka lateral meristem)

33
Q

define cambium

A
  • special type of meristem (lateral meristem)
  • forms cylinder around root, branch, or tree trunk
  • cells grow laterally
34
Q

Do you understand the secondary plant growth that is shown on the pie wedge on the google doc?

A
  • see google doc

BISC 101 Lecture Flashcards (15 decks)

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