Lecture 11 - Perions, Viruses, Bateria, Parasites

Question 1

Prions - Diseases

Answer 1

• BSE
• Kuru
• CJD

Question 2

Viruses - General Characteristics

Answer 2

• detected by inclusion body:
  1. no inclusion body –> poliovirus
  2. cytoplasmic inclusion body –> pox , rabies(negri body)
  3. nucleic inclusion body –> CMV (cytoplasmic too , basophiliic), herpes, VZ –> glass ground nucleus

Question 3

Viruses - Disease Typing

Answer 3

1. transient –> flu, …
2. stable with/without clinical signs –> HBV, herpes, VZ
3. stable with tumoral signs –> HPV (types: 6, 11 or 16, 18, 30, 31, 32 –> malignant)

Question 4

Bacteria - Gram+

Answer 4

• thick peptidoglycan cell wall –> CV –> acetone alcohol –> safranin –> purple color of CV

Question 5

Bacteria - Peptides Role in Gram+ Peptidoglycan

Answer 5

1. increases the bonding of carbohydrates
2. Ag
3. attachment of the bacteria to epithelial surface
4. sometimes movement

Question 6

Bacteria - Gram-

Answer 6

• no peptidoglycan –> red color of safranin
• internal and external membrane attached by proteins –> 1. Eterobacteriaceae: attachment of bacteria to surfaces 2. pilli (sometimes)
• LPS

Question 7

Bacteria - Pathological Classification of Bacteria

Answer 7

1. Extracellular: streptococci, staphylococci
2. Obligate intracellular: Chlamydia, rickettsia
3. Facultative Intracellular: mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 8

Bacteria - Zoonotic Bacterial Infections

Answer 8

1. Anthracis
2. Yirsinia pestis
3. Franscisella tolarensis
4. Borucella
5. Borlia recurentis
6. Borlia burgedroferi

Question 9

Bacteria - Chlamydia

Answer 9

Obligate intracellular
Liking to squamous epithelial
Salpingitis
C. trachomatis: conjunctivitis –> blindness , genital invasion –> most common reason of female infertility

Question 10

Bacteria - Rickettsia

Answer 10

Liking to endothelium
Recurrent fever –> rocky mountains –> dotted petech –> كنه
Epidemic typhus –> شپش
Hemorrhages vasculitis –> rash –> orange petech

Question 11

Bacteria - Mycoplasma

Answer 11

Extracellular
No cell wall
Smallest extracellular living organism

Question 12

Bacteria - Natural Microbus

Answer 12

1. Absorption
2. Epithelial integration
3. Normal immune system of intestine
4. Inhibition of invasion and colonization of other bacteria
5. Vit K
   If destroyed:
   - intestine and colon inflammation
   - colon ulcer
   - allergies
   - lungs inflammation
   - autoimmunity

Question 13

Fungi - General Characteristics

Answer 13

Cell membrane with ergosterol

Cell wall with chitin

Question 14

Fungi - Classification

Answer 14

Infection Type:
1. Superficial: dermatiphites
2. Deep: Mycetoma (aspergillus) –> subcutaneous abscess and granulum
Proliferation Type:
1. Hyphen
2. Buddying
3. Both –> dimorphic (termal: 1. 25c hyphen, 2. 37c or less than 25c buddying) –> histoplasma capsulatum
Life Type:
1. Endemic: in special places –> capsulatum, cocciduis
2. Saprophyte: cryptococus, nuemocystis girusi, aspergillus, candida

Question 15

Protozoa - Classification

Answer 15

Life Type:
1. Obligate intracellular: leishmania
2. Facultative intracellular: trypanosoma cruzi
3. Extracellular: entamoeba histolytica, trypanosoma gambiense
Tissue Liking:
1. Urogenital: trichomonas vaginalis,
2. Blood and tissue: leishmania, plasmodium, trichomonas
3. Gastrointestinal: entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia

Question 16

Parasites - Classification

Answer 16

Shape Type:
1. Nematodes: askaris, vermikolaris --> 1. Intestinal, 2. Tissue
2. Cestoda: no GI
3. Trematodes: shistosoma hematolium, hepatic and pulomonary fluke
Infectious Stage Type:
1. Matured: askaris
2. Asexual larva
3. Premature: tokokanoma canis

Question 17

Infectious Diseases Recognition Methods

Answer 17

• Staining:
  1. H&E: inclusions, fungi
  2. Specific: gram, acid fast(mycobacterium), Ag(fungi, spirochetes), mucicarmin(cryptomunas neoformens), gimsa(leishmania, malaria)
• IHC
• Serology
• PCR