lecture 11: Neoplasia Flashcards
Neoplasia
Abnormal Tissue Growth
Benign tumor
well differentiated and localized
malignant tumor
poorly-differentiated, destructive, unconstrained
primary neoplasia
usually solitary lesions affecting sub-adults
secondary neoplasia
usually stemming from other tissues of origin
types of primary benign neoplasia
- Cysts
- osteoblastic tumors
- chondroblastic tumors
- fibroblastic tumors
types of cysts
1) unicameral bone cysts: most common in children and adolescents. typically affects the long bones
2) aneurysmal bone cysts: less common; involves long bones; exhibits distinct bulge of newly formed shell over the eroded cortex
types of osteoblastic tumors
1) osteoma: usually small and are comprised of dense lamellar bone.
2) osteoid osteoma: very small; comprised of poorly mineralized bone forming around mature tissue
types of chondroblastic tumors
1) chondroma: tumor of hyaline cartilage affecting adolescents
2) Osteochondroma: one of most common benign tumors initiated during growth period; solitary lesions usually affect long bones
types of fibroblastic tumors
1) Fibrous cortical defect: common among children; begins on inner periosteum; rarely becomes malignant; separated from medullary cavity by layer of dense cortical bone
2) Osteoclastoma: common; borderline benign and is comprised of many multinucleated cells; affects adolescents and young adults; completely destroys cortical and trabecular bone but does’nt penetrate joint
how many types of malignant neoplasia?
5
5 types of malignant neoplasia (cancer)
- carcinoma
- sarcoma
- lymphoma
- leukemia
- myeloma
carcinoma
-develops from epithelial cells, 80-90% of cancer toda7
Sarcoma
- 1% of cancers
- develops in support and connective tissues such as bones, muscles, tendons and fat
myeloma
develops in plasma cells of hematopoietic bone marrow
leukemia
develops in white blood cells of hematopoietic bone marrow
lymphoma
develops in lymphocytes and glands of lymphatic system
Endosteal osteosarcoma
-common in adolescents and young adults
-most common malignant bone affliction
-most common in areas of rapid endochondral growth
-lesion destroy normal bone and extend into areas of soft tissue
-
chondrosarcoma
- affects adolescents and adults
- second most common bone malignancy
- occurs frequently on long bones
- typically nodular tumors that destroy trabecular bone
ewings sarcoma
- affects adolescents and adults
- third most common malignancy
- occurs most frequently on appendicular long bones and the pelvis
- tumors comprised of loose mesenchymal cells that pernitrate marrow spaces and Haversian canals
- resorption along Haversian Canals leads to mottling of the cortex
myeloma
- affects older adults most
- arises in plasma cells of hematopoietic bone marrow
- initial lesion is slow growing along proximal long bones or axial skeleton
- radiographic “soap bubble”
